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CSC371-DATABASE SYSTEMS I
LECTURE-14 (LAB)
(FALL2023)
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PREVIOUS LECTURE REVIEW
SQL Stored Procedure
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AGENDA
SQL Server String Functions
ASCII CHARACTER 5
• SELECT fname, ASCII(fname) AS NumCodeOfFirstChar
• FROM staff;
SQL SERVER CHAR() FUNCTION 6
• SELECT CHAR(65) AS CodeToCharacter;
SQL SERVER CHARINDEX() FUNCTION 7
• The CHARINDEX() function searches for a substring in a string and returns the position.
• If the substring is not found, this function returns 0.
• Note: This function performs a case-insensitive search.
• CHARINDEX(substring, string, start)
• SELECT CHARINDEX('mer', 'Customer', 3) AS MatchPosition;
SQL SERVER CONCAT() FUNCTION 8
• CONCAT(string1, string2, ...., string_n)
• SELECT CONCAT('SQL', 'is', 'fun!’);
• SELECT CONCAT('SQL', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'fun!’);
SQL SERVER DATALENGTH() FUNCTION 9
• The DATALENGTH() function returns the number of bytes used to
represent an expression.
• Note: The DATALENGTH() function counts both leading and trailing
spaces when calculating the length of the expression.
• DATALENGTH(expression)
• SELECT DATALENGTH(‘ SQL is a fun ‘);
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SQL SERVER LEFT() FUNCTION
• The LEFT() function extracts a number of characters from a string
(starting from left).
• LEFT(string, number_of_chars)
• SELECT LEFT(lname, 3) AS ExtractString FROM staff;
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SQL SERVER LEN() FUNCTION
• Count leading spaces but not trailing
• SELECT LEN(' W3Schools.com ‘);
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SQL SERVER LOWER() / UPPER() FUNCTION
• SELECT LOWER('SQL Tutorial is FUN!’);
• SELECT UPPER(‘sql tutorial is a fun’);
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SQL SERVER LTRIM()/RTRIM() FUNCTION
• The LTRIM() function removes leading spaces from a string.
• The RTRIM() function remove trailing spaces from a string:
• LTRIM(string)
• SELECT LTRIM(' SQL Tutorial') AS LeftTrimmedString;
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SQL SERVER NCHAR() FUNCTION
• The NCHAR() function returns the Unicode character based on the
number code.
• NCHAR(number_code)
• SELECT NCHAR(65) AS NumberCodeToUnicode;
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SQL SERVER REVERSE() FUNCTION
• The REVERSE() function reverses a string and returns the result.
• REVERSE(string)
• SELECT REVERSE(fname) FROM staff
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SQL SERVER SPACE() FUNCTION
• The SPACE() function returns a string of the specified number of space
characters.
• SPACE(number)
SQL SERVER STR() FUNCTION 17
• The STR() function returns a number as a string.
• STR(number, length, decimals)
• Number: Required. The number to convert to a string
• Length: Optional. The length of the returning string. Default value is 10
• Decimal: Optional. The number of decimals to display in the returning string. Default value
is 0
• SELECT STR(185.476, 6, 2);
SQL SERVER SUBSTRING() FUNCTION
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• The SUBSTRING() function extracts some characters from a string.
• SUBSTRING(string, start, length)
• String: Required. The string to extract from
• Start: Required. The start position. The first position in string is 1
• Length: Required. The number of characters to extract. Must be a positive number
• SELECT SUBSTRING(address, 1, 10) AS ExtractString FROM privateowner;
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SUMMARY
SQL Server String Functions
