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Sorting - Quick, Heap

The document describes the pseudo-code for quicksort, a divide and conquer sorting algorithm. It chooses a pivot element and partitions the array around it, recursively sorting the subarrays. In the best case when partitions are balanced, quicksort runs in O(n log n) time. In the worst case of unbalanced partitions, it runs in O(n^2) time, such as when choosing the smallest or largest element as pivot. Heapsort is also described, which uses a heap data structure to sort in O(n log n) time in all cases.

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shaliniduraimurugan08
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45 views141 pages

Sorting - Quick, Heap

The document describes the pseudo-code for quicksort, a divide and conquer sorting algorithm. It chooses a pivot element and partitions the array around it, recursively sorting the subarrays. In the best case when partitions are balanced, quicksort runs in O(n log n) time. In the worst case of unbalanced partitions, it runs in O(n^2) time, such as when choosing the smallest or largest element as pivot. Heapsort is also described, which uses a heap data structure to sort in O(n log n) time in all cases.

Uploaded by

shaliniduraimurugan08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quick Sort: Pseudo-code

Quicksort (a, left, right)


Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n, i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {} Partitioning
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}

Quicksort (a, left, i-1); Recursion


Quicksort (a, i+1, right);
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n, i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n, i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n , i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n , i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n , i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n , i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n , i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
Quicksort (a, left, right)
Int i= left, j= right, pivot= i;
For i= 1 to n , i≠j do
{
While (a[++i] < pivot) {}
While (pivot < a[--j]) {}
If (i>j)
swap (a[i], a[j])
}
10, 80, 30, 90, 40
Best-Case Scenario
• What will be the best case?
– Partition is perfectly balanced.
– Pivot is always in the middle (median of the array).

• This recurrence is similar to the merge sort recurrence.


• The result is O(NlogN).

8 1 3 2 6 5 7 4 12 9 11 10 14

4 1 3 2 6 5 7--8--12 9 11 10 14

125
Worst-Case Scenario
• What will be the worst case?
– Partition is unbalanced.
– Smallest/largest element as a Pivot.
– The result is O(n^2).

13 10 8 6 3
10 8 6 3 13

126
Heap Sort
• Min Heap

• Max Heap

127
Ordered
Analysis
– Best case
– Worst case O(n log n)
– Average case

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