Personal

Developmen
t
 Module 2
Knowing Oneself –
Characteristics,
Habits, and
Experiences
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 Scoring:
Items 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 are reverse scored.
Give “Strongly Disagree” 1 point,
“Disagree” 2 points, “Agree” 3 points,
and “Strongly Agree” 4 points. Sum
scores for all ten items. Keep scores on
a continuous scale. Higher scores
indicate higher self-esteem
 Adolescence is the period
when a young individual
develops from a child into
an adult.
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 Many people believe that we are the
product of our own experiences. Those
experiences shape our unique qualities and
habits that define who we as a person and
differ from others.

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 Our characteristics, habits,
and experiences develop and
manifest by identifying some
of the factors that may affect
a person’s “Self”.
Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is your
evaluation of your own
worth. It may be
positive or negative.
Positive self-esteem is the
evaluation that is pleasing
and acceptable according
to your standard and that
of others.
Negative self-esteem is the
opposite which is feeling
distraught or down and
unaccepted by others.
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 Self-esteem does not
imply that one believes
that he or she is better
than others, only that he
or she is a person of
worth (Diener & Lucas
2017). 11
 Self-Efficacy
Efficacy has a specific impact on behavior and
emotions, allowing people to effectively
manage problems and achieve desired
outcomes. It is your desire to influence
something specific. It's a self-confidence in
your ability to attain your most significant
goal.
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Self-efficacy, refers to your belief in
your ability to succeed and perform
well in various areas of life, such as
education, work, and relationships
(Syrett 2020).
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You can perform a certain job or achieving a
specific goal by means of these five (5) different
ways that influenced self-efficacy, from the ideas of
Albert Bandura, a professor, and a psychologist.
(a)Performance Experiences
(b) Vicarious Performances
(c) Verbal Persuasion
(d) Imaginal Performances
(e) The Affective States & Physical Sensations
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Performance
Experiences
If you are good at achieving your
specific goal, then you probably
think that you will achieve it again.
When the opposite happens, if you
fail, you will often think that you
will fail again. 15
Vicarious Performances

If others achieved their goal

or specific task, then you'll
come to believe that you will
also achieve your goal.
16
Verbal
Persuasion
It is when people tell you whether
they believe or not on what you can
do or cannot do. The effect of your
self-efficacy will depend on how
that person matters to you.
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Imaginal
Performances
When you imagine
yourself doing well, then
it will happen.
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The Affective States & Physical Sensations

– if your mood or emotion (e.g. shame) and

physical state (e.g. shaking) come together, it
will affect your self efficacy. If negative
mood connects with negative physical
sensation, the result will be negative. And if it
is positive, most likely the result will be
positive 19
 Self and Identity
According to William James, a
psychologist, “the self is what
happens when I reflect upon
ME". Taylor described the self
as a Reflective Project.
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 Dan McAdam, a psychologist,
reiterated that even there are many
ways on how we reflect to improve
ourselves, it brings us back to these
three (3) categories:

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 Self as Social Actor

We are portraying different roles and

behaving for every type/set of people
in front of us since we all care about
what people think about us. It is
practically for social acceptance.
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 Self as Motivated Agent
People act based on their purpose. They do
things based on their own dreams,
desires, and planned goals for the future.
This, though, is not easily identifiable
since it is self-conceptualized, unless it
was shared with us.
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 Self as Autobiographical
Author
He/she as the creator of his/her own
entire life story. It is about how oneself
is developed from his/her past, up to
the present, and what he/she will
become in the future.
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 Judgment and Decision
Making
As an individual, you are expected to act
and decide on your own. Most people
tend to decide based on the intuitions and
available information that could be a
hindrance in making a wise decision and
that could be a habit.
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 Quiz #2

1.An emotional state wherein you

evaluate yourself.
a. negative self-esteem
b. self-efficacy
c. positive self-esteem
d. self-esteem
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2. Which category below emphasizes if
someone is portraying different roles in
front of others?
a. autobiographical author
b. motivated agent
c. judge
d. social actor 28
3. Which of the following is NOT one of
the Five ways that influenced self-efficacy
beliefs?
a. affective sensations
b. performance experiences
c. imaginal performances
d. verbal persuasion
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4. This refers to your beliefs about
what you can do with your abilities.
a. self-efficacy
b. self-identity
c. self-esteem
d. self-judgement
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5. What do you call if self-efficacy beliefs
may be influenced when people matter
to you telling you that they believe in
you?
a. affective sensations
b. performance experiences
c. imaginal performances
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6. It is one of the categories to improve
oneself wherein an individual do thing
based on his/her dreams, desires and goals.
a. autobiographical author
b. motivated agent
c. judge
d. social actor
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7. Which of the following is NOT likely a
factor in identifying the level self-esteem?
a. how satisfied you are in a relationship
b. how you view your performance
c. own appearance
d. your acquaintance
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8. . In what category does a person belong
when he/she create his/her own story (past,
present, and future)?
a. autobiographical author
b. motivated agent
c. judge
d. social actor
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9. Adolescence is defined in saying that _________
a. It is a healthy, yet risky time of life.
b. The period wherein a young individual develops
from a child into an adult.
c. The period in the human lifespan in which full
physical and intellectual maturity have been
attained.
d. The period from birth to eight years old, is a time
of remarkable growth with brain development at
its peak. 35
10. When people act based on their
purpose, it is under what categories of
improving oneself?
a. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Decision
Maker
b. Self as Social Actor
c. Self as Autobiographical Author
d. Self as Motivated Agent 36
11. We can get more of our self-esteem
from:
a. people who do not like us
b. people who matter to us the most
c. people who do not know who we are
d. people who like

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12. The most realistic way to create
high self-esteem is:
a. to be the best
b. to be great
c. to live a generally positive life
d. to win all the time
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13. Overconfident and high self-
esteem can lead to:
a. failure
b. self-efficacy
c. self-fulfillment
d. success
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14. Can self-efficacy affect our self-esteem?
a. No, because the higher the self-efficacy the
lower the self-confidence of an individual.
b. Yes, because it is believed that the higher the
self-efficacy the higher the self confidence of an
individual.
c. Maybe, because no one can answer that
d. All of the above
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15. When you imagine yourself doing
well then, most likely, it will happen.
a. Imaginal Performances
b. Performance Experiences
c. The Affective States & Physical
Sensations
d. Verbal Persuasion
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