Risk Management

Hazard Identification Risk

Assessment & Risk
Control

ManagingYour Organization To Prevent The

Incident.
Learning Objective

Upon completion of
this session you will
understand how to
identify hazards and
assess risks for your
operation.
 Learner Outcomes
1. Explore the elements of an effective hazard
identification and control program.
2. Discuss the steps in the hazard identification
and control process.
3. Be able to perform the Hazard Identification
and Risk Assessment Form by their own with
3 simple steps to ensure a safe & healthy
workplace. .
 Introduction
• Safety management leads to
• Increased productivity
• Avoiding injuries
• Avoiding costly, time consuming,
stressful and inconvenient incidents
 Safety Pyramid
 At-risk behavior: activities
not consistent with safety
programs, training,
information and supervision
 By passing safety
components on
machinery
 Eliminating
safety steps to
save time
 Can be reduced with
machine guarding and
training
 What is Risk Assessment?
Risk Assessment is a systematic approach to
identify hazards, evaluate risk and incorporate
appropriate measures to manage and
mitigate risk for any work process or activity.
RISK

HAZARD DANGER
 Why we need to do RA?

Aware of
Everyone hazards, risks
Elevate
RA is key to deserve to go and controls Compliance
Protect safety
prevention of home safely and with
Ourselves awareness &
accident at the end of practicing Regulations
ownership
the day safe work
environment.
 Definition Hazards?

“Source or situation or act with a potential for

harm in terms of human injury or ill health or a
combination of these”
Hazard is something that cause harm or injury
 Definition Risk?
 Combination of the likelihood of
an occurrence of a hazardous
event or exposure(s) and the
severity of injury or ill health that
may be caused by the event or
exposure(s)
 Likelihood that a hazard will
cause a specific harm or injury
to person or damage property

Risk means the chance that someone will be harmed by

the hazard.
Risk = Hazard effect (Severity) x Probability (likelihood of
Occurrence)
 Risk Assessment?
What is Risk assessment:
The process of evaluating the
risks to safety and health arising
from hazards at work

•Risk assessment results is

documented and used for:
1.Risk control in OSH
management
2.Future reference and
review
Basic Principles of Risk
Management?
 Integrate Risk Management as
part of planning at all levels of
business
 Accept all risks
 Make risk decisions appropriately
(depending on level of risk)
 Manage the risk
 Why Carry Out Risk
Management?
Gives organisations a more effective way of
managing hazards
- Systematic way of understanding hazards
- Control hazards based on facts
•Requirement of the law e.g.
–OSHA 1994, CIMAH Regulations 1996 & USECHH
Regulations 2000
•Requirement of OSH
management system
standards:
–MS 1722:2011,
–OHSAS 18001:2007
 RA Should Be Carry Out For?
 Routine and non-routine activities
including emergencies;
 Activities of all personnel having access
to the workplace (including
subcontractors visitors and others
involved in or affected by);
 Facilities at the workplace, whether
provided-by the organization or others.
 When to Carry Out For
RA?
 Before Operation

 During Operation

 After Operation
 When to Review For RA?
Review whenever there are
changes:
–internal
•Before modification, changes or
introduction of new Materials,
machinery or processes, working
procedures,
–external
•Amendments of national laws and
regulations
•Developments in OSH
knowledge and technology
 When to Review For RA?
Person or persons trained to identify hazard
and risk assessment
–In some cases legally competent person,
example : Chemical Health Risk Assessor

•Consultation with and involvement of

workers
–Safety and Health committee OR workers
and their representatives
•Involvement of supervisors
 Basic Components of RA?

• Hazard Identification
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Control
• Review
The Process of RA?
 Source Of Hazards?
 Man Unsafe acts

 Machinery Installation, layout

and design of equipment

 Materials Substances such as

chemicals and gases used in the
workplace

 Method The way people carry

out their work

 Media Workplace condition i.e. air

quality, ventilation, lighting, noise,
vibration etc.
 Classification And Potential
Source of Hazards?
Classification of Example of Potential Sources of Hazards
Hazards

Mechanical Pinch points, sharp points and edges,

overload or
force a tool beyond its capabilities and grinding wheel
Electrical Electrical cord insulation damaged, electrical face plate
without guard
or cover broken or missing and fan cord insulation
pulled loose
Biological Exposed to airborne and blood borne viruses, bacteria and
fungus
Chemical Exposed to carcinogens chemicals, sensitizers and
corrosive chemicals
Ergonomics Repeated exposure to unnatural postures and unnatural
movement, awkward design of workstation, tools and task

Psychological Stress, sexual harassment and violent at work

 Pre-Assessment – Information Gathering
Information on the facilities, processes and
activities of the organization, including:
 Area Map
 Site plan(s); own and neighbour
 Process flow-charts
 Inventory of materials (raw materials,
chemicals, wastes, products, sub- products)
 Toxicology and other health and safety data
 Monitoring data
 Pre-Assessment – Classifying Work Activities
Geographical areas
within/outside the premises;
• Stages in a production process,
or in the provision of a service;
• Defined the tasks (e.g. driving,
window cleaning);
• Identify the working groups;
• Land use; previous property use,
future use.
 Method of Identifying Hazards.
 Review of documents and
publications
 Inspection and observation at
the workplace
 Measurement of the
atmosphere, monitoring the
environment or medical
surveillance of workers
 Hazard Analysis
 Document Review.
 Reports of accidents, accident
investigation and audits
 Information from publications
 Acts, Regulations, Guidelines and
Codes of Practice
 Statistics
 Handbooks
 Chemical Safety Data Sheet
(CSDS)
Inspection And Observation.
 Types of inspections: statutory
inspection, periodic inspection,
formal and informal inspection
 Documentation - Checklist and
inspection worksheet (standard
approach and record)
 Activities - to involve supervisors,
managers and employees
 Inspection outcome - to include
actions and timeframes
 Ensure follow up on action - to
ensure effectiveness .
 Exposure Monitoring.

•Types of monitoring: area and

personal monitoring
•Monitoring of:
– Noise
– Heat
– Radiation
– Air contaminants
– Chemicals etc.
Hazard Analysis.
Example Hazard Analysis.
 Example Hazard Analysis.
NO WORK HAZARDS EFFECT CURRENT S L R RECOMMENDED RISK CONTROL RELATED LAW (OSHA & FMA)
PROCESS CONTROL

1. Loading and Striking by Fatality or - Safety 4 2 8 a) Eliminate - OSHA 1994 – Sec 15 General Duties of
unloading falling object seriously Induction - N/A Employers and Self-Employer Person. Clause
material while body injury, - Toolbox b) Substitute 15(2)(C) the provision of such information,
standing near talk - N/A instruction, training and supervision as is
to the - PPE c) Isolate necessary.
loading/ (Safety - prohibited unauthorized person from - FMA 1967 – BOWEC Reg. 1986 (part xiii –
unloading Helmet, entry to the work site. Material Handling and Storage, Use and
material. shoes, d) Eng. Control Disposal.
(safety vest) - Install a barricade for hazards area
hazard) e) Admin Control
- Put a warning signage's (Do not Entry)
f) PPE
- N/A

2 Delivering Lorry might Damaged to - Provide with 3 3 9 a) Eliminate - OSHA 1994 – Sec 15 General Duties of
material into overturn the a banksman - N/A Employers and Self-Employer Person. Clause
site. during property, to control b) Substitute 15(2)(d) so far as is practicable, as regards any
mobilization serious the site - N/A place of work under the control of employer or
material into injury to the transportati c) Isolate self-employer person, the maintenance of it in
site due to operator on for road - N/A. a condition that is safe and without risk to
uneven road access. d) Eng. Control health and the provision and maintenance of
surface or - N/A the means of access to end egress.
inadequate e) Admin Control - OSHA 1994 – sec 24 General Duties of
access. - Put a warning signage's (Speed limit). employees at works.
(safety - Control access and egress for site - FMA 1967 – Part II Safety, Health And
hazard) transportation by traffic team. Welfare
- site transportation operated by – Provision relating to safety, etc. sec 10(d)
competent driver. such means as are reasonably practicable
f) PPE shall be provided, maintained and used so as
- N/A to ensure safe access to any place
RAM - Likelihood x Severity = RISK.
 Decision For Action.
AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE (ALARP)
PRINCIPLE
 Risk Control.

•Substitution •Housekeeping •Training and

•Modify process •General education
•Enclosure ventilation •Worker
rotation
•Local exhaust •Continuou
•Enclosure of
•Fugitive s
worker
emission control area •Personal
•Isolation monitoring monitoring
•Dilution •Personal
ventilation protective
•Automation or devices
remote control
 Consideration In Implementing Risk Control.
•Review measures regularly; modify if
necessary
•Comply with national laws and
regulations
•Reflect good management practice;
•Consider the current state of
knowledge
•Include information or reports from
organizations such as:
–DOSH, OSH services, and others.
 Hierarchy of Control.
MOST EFFECTIVE Elimination - remove the
hazard
FAIRLY EFFECTIVE Substitution - use less
hazardous one. Isolation – isolate the work area
i.e. X-ray machine in restricted room Engineering
Control – design, isolation at source, barricade,
guarding,
LEAST EFFECTIVE Administrative Control –
safe work procedure, isolation i.e. reduce
exposure time and limit, training, signage etc
PPE - last resort.
Hierarchy of Control.
VIDEO.
Group Presentation.
Spot The Hazards.
Spot The Hazards.