PATTERNS OF DESCENT
WITH MODIFICATION
DEVELOPMENT OF
EVOLUTIONARY
THOUGHT
Descent –
the origin or background of a person in
terms of family or nationality.
Similar terms:
ancestry
parentage
ancestors
family
lineage
Activity No. 1 - Similar or Different?
Activity No. 1 - Similar or Different?
Guide questions:
1.What can you say about this group of birds? Are
they related to each other or not? Why did you
say so?
2.Why is it that they look different from one
another? What made this modification?
3.What mechanism could explain how each finch
population had acquired adaptations, or features
that made it well-suited to its immediate
environment?
Activity No. 2 - COMMON ANCESTOR
Activity No. 2 - COMMON ANCESTOR
Activity No. 2 - COMMON ANCESTOR
“Descent with
modification,"
as Darwin described it, is the
belief that species evolve over
time, give rise to new species,
and share a common ancestor.
.
ANALYZING THE PATTERNS OF
LIFE'S HISTORY
The key principles of development
are that life has a past — that it
has continued to evolve — and
that different species share
common ancestors.
I. Structural similarities
-homologous characters
-analogous characters
Scientists included in the Timeline of Evolutionary
Thought (15 scientists)
Aristotle
Aristotle -
Carolus Linnaeus
Charles Lyell /
George Cuvier /
James Hutton -
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck /
Alfred Russel Wallace /
Erasmus Darwin
Charles Drawin
Aprocesses that formed the Earth.
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/evothought.html
https://sci.waikato.ac.nz/evolution/
DevelopmentEvolThought.shtml
https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~bio336/Bio336/
Lectures08/Lecture%202%20History.pdf
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I. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Read and analyze
the given description. Then,
identify the term/s being
described
1. It is the process by which
species adapt over time in
response to their changing
environment.
nationalgeographic.org
2. As Darwin described it, it
is the belief that species
evolve over time, give rise to
new species, and share a
common ancestor
For example, seed-eating finches
had stronger, thicker beaks for
breaking seeds, and insect-eating
finches had spear-like beaks for
stabbing their prey.
3.It is the history /record of the
evolution of a species or group,
especially in reference to lines of
descent and relationships among
broad groups of organisms.
-It is a diagram that depicts the lines of
evolutionary descent of different species,
organisms, or genes from a common
ancestor.
4. It refers to characteristics that
are similar in different organisms
because they were passed down
from a common ancestor who
had the same character are
reliable indicators of common
ancestry.
5. It refers to characteristics
implying different evolutionary
forms but are nearly identical
because they adapted to perform
the same function.
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
1. Aristotle -classification & study of living -Ladder of Life
384-322 BCE organisms based on observed
(Greek) similarities & differences among -Scala Naturae or Great
organisms Chain of Being
- placed organisms in a
hierarchical order based on
perceived complexity and
perfection
-organisms develop gradually
from undifferentiated materials
-thought of species as
unchanging and reflecting a
divine order -Epigenesis
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
2. Carolus -Father of taxonomy Binomial System
Linnaeus -developed the modern hierarchical of Nomenclature
Carl von classification system, the system of -using Genus &
Linné, classifying and naming organisms Species in naming
(1707-1778), Today, this system includes eight taxa: organisms
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, ex.
Swedish order, family, genus, and species Common
botanist KING name:Palay/rice
PHILIP Genus: Oryza
CAME Species: sativa
OVER Sci. name:
FOR GOOD SOUP Oryza
sativa
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
3.Erasmus -proposed that all warm-blooded -anticipated the
Darwin animals arose and differentiated from idea of natural
(1731-1802) a single form, and anticipates the idea selection
of natural selection
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
4. Georges -draws attention to the fact that the
Cuvier geological record is not a continuous
(1769-1832) one
French -demonstrated the fact of extinction
naturalist and with studies of fossil
zoologist, mammals, and believes the
sometimes extinctions to have occurred in a
referred to as series of giant floods
the "founding
father of
paleontology
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
4. Georges Cuvier - fossils show that animal and Theory of
(1769-1832) plant species are destroyed time catastrophes
French naturalist and again by deluges and other
and zoologist natural cataclysms, and that new
species evolve only after that
"Founding Father of Paleontology
-founder of Comparative Anatomy,
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
4. Jean-Baptiste -proposed that while simple forms of Lamarckism
Lamarck life were spontaneously generated,
(1744-1829) they were driven up a ladder of
complexity over time
- Use or disuse of organs and traits
cause changes which could be
passed on to the next generation
- Theory of inheritance of acquired
characteristics, the characteristics an
individual gains during his life time
are passed on to the next generation
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
5.Charles Lyell -establishes the basic chronology Uniformitarianism
(1797-1875) of the Tertiary period and its -states that the
relationship to rock strata processes by which
-popularized the doctrine of current geological
uniformitarianism; that the features were
that the features of the Earth can created were slow,
be better explained as the long- steady, and
term result of short-term geological constant
phenomena.
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
6.Charles Darwin -architect of the theory of evolution theory of evolution
(1809-1882) by natural selection by natural
English -With the publication of On the selection
naturalist, Origin of Species in 1859, he
geologist and advanced a view of the
biologist development of life on earth that
profoundly shaped nearly all
biological and much philosophical
thought
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
6.Charles Darwin -Father of evolutionary biology'. Theory of
(1809-1882) - gave the theory of natural evolution by
English selection for evolution and natural selection
naturalist, established that the current species
geologist and of organisms have all originated
biologist from common ancestral species
-defined evolution as "descent with
modification," the idea that species
change over time, give rise to new
species, and share a common
ancestor.
7. Main Contributions Theories
Contributed
7. Alfred Russel -independently conceives the co-publishes with
Wallace (1823- theory of evolution by natural Darwin on
1913) selection and co-publishes with theory of evolution
Darwin on the subject by natural
-develop the concept of speciation, selection
which is the process of one
population diverging into two
separate species after many
generations of reproductive
isolation (not breeding together).
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
8.Gregor Mendel -publishes Experiments in Plant Fundamental laws
(1822-1884) Hybridisation, establishing some of inheritance
Austrian monk basic laws of the genetic -Basic laws of the
inheritance of discrete traits genetic
Mendel’s paper inheritance of
-through his work on pea plants, discrete traits
discovered the fundamental laws
of inheritance
-certain patterns of how traits are
passed from parents to offspring
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
9.Ernst Haeckel -applies evolutionary theories to -evo devo’
(834-1919) embryology
-German -provided early foundations for the
zoologist and field of evolutionary developmental
evolutionist biology or ‘evo devo’.
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
10.Thomas Hunt -establishes the chromosomal Chromosomal
Morgan (1866-1945) theory of heredity theory of heredity
American ethnologist -bred and conducted
experiments with the common
fruit fly, Drosophila
melanogaster, which initiated
the field of experimental
genetics
-confirmed Mendelian
confirmed Mendelian laws of
inheritance and the hypothesis
that genes are located on
chromosomes
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
10.Thomas Hunt -principal founder of scientific Chromosomal
Morgan (1866-1945) anthropology, known especially theory of heredity
for establishing the study of - the study of
kinship systems and for his kinship systems
comprehensive theory of social and
evolution comprehensive
theory of social
evolution
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
11.Julian Huxley -publishes Evolution: The Modern Evolution: The
(1887-1975) Synthesis Modern Synthesis
English biologist -specialized in comparative anatomy
and0
anthropologist
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
12.Lewis -proposed the theory t of social Theory of social
Henry Morgan evolution, that human societies evolution.
0 21,
(Nov. develop over time and follow three
1818–Dec. 17, stages of evolution: savagery,
1881) barbarism, and civilization
Savagery is the earliest stage of
development, characterized by
hunting and gathering wild plants.
-often called the father of
anthropology- best known for his
theory of social evolution.
Name of Main Contributions Theories
Scientists Contributed
13.Thomas -English biologist, educator, and
Henry Huxley advocate of agnosticism (he coined
(1860-1891) the word). Huxley’s vigorous public
British support of Charles Darwin’s
evolutionary naturalism earned him
the nickname “Darwin’s bulldog,”
while his organizational efforts, public
lectures, and writing helped elevate
the place of science in modern
society.
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