Exponential functions
Survey of calculus
Find the value of x in the following function:
• Make bases the same
• Make exponents equal to eachother
• Find the value of x in the following function:
• Find the value of x in the following function:
Graphing exponential functions
• e = 2.71828
• Note: f(x) = a (bx) + c always has a horizontal asymptote at
y=c
• Plot the graph for y = and determine domain, range and end behavior
• Plot the graph for y = and determine domain, range and end behavior
• y=
• Note: given parent function with transformation not involving x, no need to
determine coordinates
Function notation Type of transformation Change to coordinate point
f(x) + d Vertical translation up d units (x, y) to (x, y + d)
f(x) - d Vertical translation down d units (x, y) to (x, y - d)
f(x + c) Horizontal translation left c units (x, y) to (x – c, y)
f(x - c) Horizontal translation right c units (x, y) to (x + c, y)
- f(x) Reflection over x-axis (x, y) to (x, -y)
f(- x) Reflection over y-axis (x, y) to (-x, y)
- f(- x) Reflection over origin (x, y) to (-x, -y)
f-1(x) Reflection over y = x (x, y) to (y, x)
• y=
• e = 2.71828
Function notation Type of transformation Change to coordinate point
f(x) + d Vertical translation up d units (x, y) to (x, y + d)
f(x) - d Vertical translation down d units (x, y) to (x, y - d)
f(x + c) Horizontal translation left c units (x, y) to (x – c, y)
f(x - c) Horizontal translation right c units (x, y) to (x + c, y)
- f(x) Reflection over x-axis (x, y) to (x, -y)
f(- x) Reflection over y-axis (x, y) to (-x, y)
- f(- x) Reflection over origin (x, y) to (-x, -y)
f-1(x) Reflection over y = x (x, y) to (y, x)