MICROPROCESSOR BASED TRAFFIC CONTOL SYSTEM

NAME:-SHRIYA MANDAL(08108016008) SHREEPARNA SARKAR(08108016025) PIYA ASH(08108016025) DIPTIKANA MAHATO(08108016076) SEM:- 7TH YEAR:-4TH

INTRODUCTION
Traffic-signal control systems coordinate individual traffic signals to achieve network-wide traffic operations objectives. These systems consist of intersection traffic signals, a communications network to tie them together, and a central computer or network of computers to manage the system. Coordination can be implemented through a number of techniques including time-base and hardwired interconnectionmethods. Coordination of traffic signals across agencies requires the development of data sharing and traffic signal control agreements.

AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this project is to design a Traffic light controller using 8085 microprocessor. The 8085 Microprocessor is a popular Microprocessor used in Industries for various applications. Such as traffic light control, temperature control, stepper motor control, etc. In this project, the traffic lights are interfaced to Microprocessor system through buffer and ports of programmable peripheral Interface 8255. So the traffic lights can be automatically switched ON/OFF in desired sequence. The Interface board has been designed to work with parallel port of Microprocessor system

COMPONENTS USED

Microprocessor kit(8085) 8255 peripheral device 16 LED Lights 16 1k Resistors Two 74LS245 ICs Two capacitors (10^-4uF) +12Volt power supply

MICROPROCESSOR
A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated P) is a digital electronic component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor integrated circuit (IC).

SALIENT FEATURES OF MICROPROCESSOR

It is a 8 bit microprocessor. It is manufactured with N-MOS technology . It has 16-bit address bus and hence can address up to 216 = 65536 bytes (64KB) memory locations through A0-A15. The first 8 lines of address bus and 8 lines of data bus are multiplexed AD0 AD7. Data bus is a group of 8 lines D0 D7. It supports external interrupt request. A 16 bit program counter (PC) A 16 bit stack pointer (SP) Six 8-bit general purpose register arranged in pairs: BC, DE, HL. It requires a signal +5V power supply and operates at 3.2 MHZ single phase clock. It is enclosed with 40 pins DIP (Dual in line package).

8255 PERIPHERAL DEVICE

8255:The Intel 8255A is a general purpose programmable I/O device which is designed for use with all Intel and most other microprocessors. It provides 24 I/O pins which may be individually programmed in 2 groups of 12 and used in 3 major modes of operation. In MODE 0, each group of 12 I/O pins may be programmed in sets of 4 and 8 to be inputs or outputs. In MODE 1, each group may be programmed to have 8 lines of input or output. 3 of the remaining 4 pins are used for handshaking and interrupt control signals. MODE 2 is a strobed bidirectional bus configuration.

PIN CONFIGURATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Two control groups, labeled group A control and group B control define how the three I/O ports operate. There are several different operating modes for the 8255 and these modes must be defined by the CPU writing programming or control words to the device 8255. The line group of port C consists of two 4 bit ports. One of the 4 bit group is associated with group A control and the other 4 bit group with group B control device signals. The upper 4 bits of port C are associated with group A control while the lower 4 bits are associated with group B control. The final logic blocks are read/write control logic and data bus buffer. These blocks provide the electrical interface between the Z80 and the 8255. The data bus buffer buffers the data I/O lines to/from the Z80 data bus. The read/write control logic routes the data to and from the correct internal registers with the right timing. The internal path being enabled depends on the type of operation performed by the Z80. The type of operation can be I/O read or I/O write. Control Word Register Before going to discuss the detailed description about the usage of the 8255 in the MZ700, you should see the bit definitions of the 8255 control word register (port $E003 of the MZ-700).If bit 7 of the control word is a logical 1 then the 8255 will be configured.

LED

Ultra bright luminous output Wide viewing angle Long life-solid state reliability. I.C.compatible/Low power consumption. Pb free & Hg free

RESISTORS

RESISTORS WITH FOUR COLOURED BANDS: For traditional resistors there are usually FOUR coloured bands. The first two coloured bands will show the first two digits, the third band provides the multipier by which the first two digits must be multiplied (i.e number of zeros); together this gives the value of the resistor (the resistance) in Ohms. The fourth coloured band indicates the tolerance of the resistor, that is how close the actual resistance may be to the value indicated. A 1k Ohm (1000 Ohm) resistor with a 20% tolerance could have a value anywhere between 800 and 1200 Ohms.

74LS245 IC

3-State Outputs Drive Bus Lines Directly PNP Inputs Reduce dc Loading on Bus Lines Hysteresis at Bus Inputs Improves Noise Margins Typical Propagation Delay Times Port to Port, 8 ns.

CAPACITORS

Operating Temperature Range: -25oC to 85oC Capacitance: Within tolerance at 1 MHZ and 25oC Capacitance Tolerance: 0.5 to10pf: 0.25pf, above 10pf, 5%, 10% above Rated voltage: 50, 100, VDC Test Voltage: 3 times rated voltage for 1.5sec Insulation Resistance: 10, 000Mmin at WVDC. 60sec The capacitors marked with three digits are similar to resistors in that the first two digits need to be multiplied by the third digit in order to obtain the value in PICOFARADS (pF) as above. The letter is present to indicate the tolerance of the component. So 100 would be 10pF multiplied by zero i.e. 10pF. 103 is 10pF multiplied by 1000 ie 10,000pF or to put is another way 0.01 microfarads. 471K would be a 470pF capacitor with a 10% tolerance.

PROJECT IN DETAILS
Designing a microprocessor system to control traffic lights is discussed in this post. The traffic light arrangement is as shown in the figure. The traffic should be controlled in the following manner. Give transition period of 5 seconds (yellow LEDs ON) Allow traffic from N to S ,N to E,N to W for 20 seconds.Give transition period of 5 seconds (yellow LEDs ON).Allow traffic from E to W,N,S for 20 secs.Give transition period of 5secs(yellow LEDs on).Allow traffic from S to W,N,E for 20 secs.Give trasition period of 5secs.Allow traffic from W to E,N,S for 20 secs.Repeat the process.

HARDWARE NEEDED FOR TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL

The figure shows the interfacing diagram to control 16 electric bulbs. Port A is used to control the traffic of east and west. Port C is used to control the traffic of north and south.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TABLE

I/O MAP:-

FOR PORT A O/P

FOR PORT C O/P