Subject: Science

Grade Level: Grade 4

OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to.

 a. Identify the function of the circulatory system.

 b. Enumerate the parts of the circulatory system.

 c. Able to elaborate on the circulatory system.

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What is circulatory system?
- The circulatory system (also called the cardiovascular system) is the body system that moves blood around the body. It
consists of the heart and blood vessels. The blood carries various materials that the body needs, and takes away waste and
harmful substances. Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart are arteries. Arteries divide into smaller arteries as
they go away from the heart. The smaller arteries that connect to the capillaries, are called arterioles. Blood vessels that
take blood towards the heart are veins. Veins get bigger as they go towards the heart. The smallest veins are called
venules. Pronounced (VEHN-yools). Capillaries go between arteries and veins. Capillaries are quite thin, hence the name
which comes from the Latin capillus[1] meaning "hair.“ So blood moves:
heart→artery→arteriole→capillary→venule→vein→heart. This is called circulation. There are two different circulations
in the circulatory system. The systemic circulation is how blood goes to most of the body. The pulmonary circulation is
how blood goes through the lungs. (Pulmonary means ¨about the lungs¨). This is how it works in mammals, including
humans. Circulatory systems of other vertebrates differ somewhat.

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1. Superior vena cava
4. Left atrium
• The superior vena cava resembles a drain that leads down
• Left atrium: one of the four chambers of the heart. The
into the heart. Its job is to return deoxygenated blood to
left atrium receives blood full of oxygen from the lungs
the heart from the head and arms. The inferior vena cava
and then empties the blood into the left ventricle.
has a bigger area to drain, and its job is to return
deoxygenated blood to the heart from all body regions
5. Mitral valve
below the diaphragm. • The mitral valve is located between the upper left heart
chamber (left atrium) and the lower left heart chamber
2. Aorta
(left ventricle). A healthy mitral valve keeps your blood
• The aorta is the largest artery of the body and carries
moving in the right direction. A leaky valve doesn't
blood from the heart to the circulatory system. It has
close the way it should, allowing some blood to flow
several sections: The Aortic Root, the transition point
backward into the left atrium.
where blood first exits the heart, functions as the water
6. Aortic valve
main of the body. • The aortic valve is one of four heart valves and is the
final one encountered by oxygenated blood as it leaves
3. Pulmunary valve
the heart. It is also called aortic semilunar due to its
• Your pulmonary valve is a heart valve that helps manage
semilunar shape. It is between the left ventricle and the
blood flow in your heart. Your pulmonary valve controls
aorta to ensure that oxygen-rich blood does not flow
the flow of oxygen-poor blood from your heart to your
back into the left ventricle.
lungs
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7. Right atrium
• The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the 10. Left ventricle
body and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right • The left ventricle is an integral part of the
ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. cardiovascular system. Left ventricular contraction
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the forces oxygenated blood through the aortic valve to be
lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left distributed to the entire body. With such an important
ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body role, decreased function caused by injury or
maladaptive change can induce symptoms of the
8. Tricuspid valve disease.
• The tricuspid valve controls the flow of blood from Right ventricle
your heart's right atrium (top chamber) to the right • The right ventricle (RV) is responsible for accepting
ventricle (bottom chamber). Blood can leak backward venous blood and propelling it to the lungs where it is
into the atrium from the leaky tricuspid valve, causing oxygenated and its CO2 eliminated. Under normal
your heart to pump harder to move blood through the conditions, at rest and during exercise, the pressure
valve. required by the RV to maintain the cardiac output (CO)
is modest.
9. Inferior vena cava
• Your inferior vena cava, your body's largest vein, 11. Descending aorta
carries oxygen-depleted blood back to your heart • Your descending aorta is the longest part of your aorta,
from the lower part of your body (below your which is the largest artery in your body. It carries
diaphragm). Your superior vena cava, your second oxygen-rich blood from your heart through your chest
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biggest vein, brings oxygen-poor blood fromS your
AMPLE F O O T E R T Eand
X T abdomen (belly). It also branches off into smaller 7
upper body to your heart. Think of it like a bus line. arteries in many places to supply blood to other parts of
EXPLORE: Activity 1: Creating a Circulatory System Model
Teaching Strategy: Inquiry-Based Learning
Materials:
1) Red and blue pipe cleaners
2) Styrofoam balls
3) Straws
4) Tape
5) Scissors

Significance: This activity allows students to create a model of the circulatory system, helping them understand the parts
and their functions.
Instructions:
1) Divide the class into small groups.
2) Provide the materials.
3) Instruct the students to create a model of the circulatory system using the materials provided.
4) After completing the models, have each group present their models to the class and explain the function of each part.
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 Rubric:
- Accuracy of the model: 15 pts
- Explanation of each part: 15 pts

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 Assessment Questions:
1) What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?
2) How does blood flow through the circulatory system?
3) Name three parts of the circulatory system.

EXPLAIN:
Teaching Strategy: Lecture and Discussion
1) The teacher will explain the function of the circulatory system using visual aids such as diagrams and
videos.
2) The teacher will engage the students in a discussion by asking questions and encouraging them to share
their thoughts and ideas.

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ELABORATE:
Teaching Strategy: Project-Based Learning
Task 1: Create an Infographic
Task 2: Design a Poster

Task 1 - Create an Infographic:

Students will create an infographic explaining the
function and parts of the circulatory system. They can
use images, text, and diagrams to convey the
information effectively.

Task 2 - Design a Poster:

Students will design a poster promoting the importance
of a healthy circulatory system. The poster should
include relevant information, visuals, and persuasive
messages to engage the audience.

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 Assignment:
1) Research Assignment:
Research and write a short report on a famous scientist or medical
professional who made significant contributions to the understanding
of the circulatory system. Include their achievements and the impact
of their work.

2) Creative Assignment:
Create a comic strip that illustrates the journey of a blood cell
through the circulatory system. Include labels and explanations of
each part encountered along the way.

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