8051 IO Port Programming

Dr. Lokesh M
Asst. Professor
Dept. of EEE
NIE IT, Mysuru-570018
 Agenda
01 IO port pins and their functions

02 Port 0
Dual Role : As input or output and to access address and data

03 Port 1: As input/output
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04 Port 2:
Dual Role : As input or output and to access address along with P0

05 Port 3:
Dual Role : As input or output and as special additional functions
 32 pins for four ports, Vcc,
GND,XTAL1, XTAL2, RST,
EA,ALE/PROG and PSEN.

8051 IO Port Programming

 The four 8 bit I/O ports P0,P1,P2 and P3
uses 8 pins.
 All the ports upon reset are configured as
input, ready to be used as input ports.
 When the first 0 is written to a port, it
becomes an output.
 To reconfigure it as an input, a 1 must
be sent to the port.
 To use any of these ports as an input
port it must be programmed.
  It can be used for input or output.
 To use the pins of P0 as both input and output ports,
PORT 0 each pin must be connected externally to a 10k-Ohm
pull-up resistor.
 This is due to the fact that P0 is an open drain unlike
As Input/output P1, P2, and P3.
As address/data  Open drain is a term used form MOS Chips in the same
way that open collector is used for TTL chips.
Port 0 as
Input
In order to make it an input, the port must be
programmed by writing 1 to all the bits
 Dual Role of Port 0

 Port 0 is also designated as AD0-AD7, allowing

Toggle all Bits of P0 it to be used for both address and data.
 When connecting 8051/31 to an external
Back: MOV A, #55H memory, P0 provides both address and data.
MOV P0,A  ALE (Pin no 31) indicates if P0 has address or
ACALL Delay data.
MOV A,#0AAH  When ALE = 0, it provides data D0-D7, but
MOV P0,A  when ALE = 1, it has address A0-A7.
ACALL Delay  The 8051 multiplexes address and data through
SJMP Back port 0 to save pins.
 Port 1

Toggle all Bits of P1

 It can be used as input or output.
MOV A, #55H  It doesn't require pull-up resistors because
Back: MOV P1,A they are already connected internally.
ACALL Delay  Upon reset, Port 1 is configured as an
CPL A input port
SJMP Back
 PORT 1 AS INPUT

MOV A ,#0FFH ;A = FF hex

MOV P1,A ;Make P1 an input port
MOV A,P1 ;get data from P1 If Port 1 is configured to be used as an output port, then
MOV R7,A ;save it in Reg R7
ACALL DELAY ;wait
to use it as an input port again, program it by writing 1
MOV A,P1 ;get another data from P1 to all of its bits as in the following code:
MOV R6,A ;save it in R6
ACALL DELAY ;wait
MOV A,P1 ;get another data from P1
MOV R5,A ;save it in R5

Port1 is configured first as input

port by writing 1s to it, then data
is received from that port and
saved in R7,R6,and R5.
 PORT 2
 Port 2 occupies a total of 8 pins (pins 21 through 28)
Toggle all Bits of P2 and can be used for both input and output operations.
 Just as P1 (Port 1), P2 also doesn't require external
Pull-up resistors because they are already connected
internally.
MOV A, #55H
 It must be used along with P0 to provide the 16-bit
Back: MOV P2,A
address for the external memory. So it is also
ACALL Delay
designated as (A0–A7).
CPL A
 When the 8051 is connected to an external memory, it
SJMP Back
provides path for upper 8-bits of 16-bits address, and it
cannot be used as I/O.
 Upon reset, Port 2 is configured as an input port.
 PORT 2 as Input

Get a byte from P2

and send it to P1
If Port 2 is configured to be used as an output port, then
MOV A, #0FFH to use it as an input port again, program it by writing 1s
MOV P2,A to all of its bits
Back: MOV A,P2
MOV P1,A
SJMP Back
Dual Role of Port 2

 Port 2 must be used along with P0 to provide the 16-bit ad-

dress of external memory.
 P2 is also designated as A8-A15, indicating its dual function.
 Since an 8051/31 is capable of accessing 64K bytes of
external memory, it needs a path for the 16-bits of the
address.
 P0 provides lower byte A0-A7.
 P2 provides higher byte A8-A15 of the address.
 Port 3

 It is also of 8 bits and can be used as Input/Output.

 This port provides some extremely important signals.
P3 Bit Function Pin  P3.0 and P3.1 are RxD (Receiver) and TxD (Transmitter)
P3.0 RxD 10 respectively and are collectively used for Serial
P3.1 < TxD 11 Communication.
P3.2 < INT0 12  P3.2 and P3.3 pins are used for external interrupts.
P3.3 < INT1 13  P3.4 and P3.5 are used for timers T0 and T1 respectively.
P3.4 < T0 14  P3.6 and P3.7 are Write (WR) and Read (RD) pins.
P3.5 < T1 15
 These are active low pins, means they will be active when 0 is
P3.6 < WR 16
P3.7 < RD 17 given to them and these are used to provide Read and Write
operations to External ROM in 8031 based systems.

Upon reset all ports have value FFH on them*

I/O BIT Manipulation Programming

Sometimes we need to access only 1 or 2 bits of the port in-

stead of the entire 8 bits.
To access single bit use syntax :
“SETB X.Y”
Where X is the port number 0,1,2 and 3.
Y is the desired bit from 0 to 7.
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