CIVE201: Engineering Drawings and Tools
Instructors:
Farah Demachkieh, Ph.D.
Week 6 – Sectional Views
Section Views
Definition: An orthographic technical
drawing that reveals details about
INTERNAL features by displaying the part
as if cut by an imaginary plane.
Understanding Sections
• Section views have three main purposes:
– Document the design and manufacture of single
parts which are manufactured as one piece
– Document how multiple parts are to be assembled
or built
– Aid in visualizing internal workings of a design
Section Views
The object
Conventional hidden line technique
Many times the interior of an object is so complicated that it is impossible or
very difficult to represent that interior with conventional hidden lines.
The Cutting Plane
Section Views
Section
The object cut
technique
Section Views
Visualizing a section view
Section Views
Visualizing a section view
Section Views
Visualizing a section view
Section Views
Visualizing a section view
Terminology and
common practices
CUTTING PLANE
Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts
the object to reveal the internal features.
Cutting
plane Cutting plane line
Section lines
CUTTING PLANE LINE
Cutting plane line is an edge view of the cutting
plane.
Indicate the path
of cutting plane.
CUTTING PLANE LINESTYLES
Thick line
ANSI
Viewing
standard
direction
Thick line
Viewing
direction
TS & ISO Thin line
standard
Viewing
direction
SECTION LINING
Section lines or cross-hatch lines are used to
indicate the surfaces that are cut by the cutting
plane.
Section
lines
Drawn with thin lines.
Section Line Conventions
Cutting plane lines take precedence over center lines.
Section lines should:
• Should clearly identify the cut material
• Not be too dense as this tends to obscure object lines
• Uniformly spaced by an interval of about 2.5 mm.
• Not too close together.
• Uniformly thin, not varying in thickness.
• Distinctly thinner than visible lines.
• Do not run beyond or stop short of visible outlines.
SECTION LINES SYMBOLS
The section lines are different for each of
material’s type.
For practical purpose, the cast iron symbol is
used most often for any materials.
Cast iron, Steel Concrete Sand Wood
Malleable iron
SECTION LINING PRACTICE
The spaces between lines may vary from 1.5 mm
for small sections to 3 mm for large sections.
COMMON MISTAKE
SECTION LINING PRACTICE
It should not be drawn parallel or perpendicular
to contour of the view.
COMMON MISTAKE
TREATMENT OF HIDDEN LINES
Hidden lines are normally omitted from section
views.
Kinds of Sections
KIND OF SECTIONS
1. Full section
2. Offset section
3. Half section
4. Broken-out section
5. Revolved section (aligned section)
6. Removed section (detailed section)
FULL SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the straight cutting
plane completely through the part.
OFFSET SECTION VIEW
The cutting plane is off-set to
include features that are not in a
straight line.
It is possible for the cutting
plane to change directions, to
minimise on the number of
sectional views required to
capture the necessary details.
OFFSET SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the bended cutting
plane completely through the part.
Do not show the edge views
of the cutting plane.
HALF SECTION VIEW
A half-section is a view of an object showing
one-half of the view in section.
Symmetrical parts can be shown in half sections.
Half section without
hidden lines
HALF SECTION VIEW
Half sections are commonly used to show both
the internal and outside view of symmetrical
objects.
HALF SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the cutting plane halfway
through an object and remove a quarter of it.
HALF SECTION VIEW
A center line is used to separate the sectioned half
from the unsectioned half of the view.
Hidden line is omitted in unsection half of the view.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
It is common practice to section a part of an object
when only small areas need to be sectioned to indicate
the important details
The example shows a broken-
out sectional view to indicate a
through-hole in a plate.
The lines indicating the end of the
section is a thin continuous line
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the cutting plane normal
to the viewing direction and removing the portion of an
object in front of it.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
A break line is used to separate
the sectioned portion from the
unsectioned portion of the view.
Break line is a thin continuous
line (0.25) and is drawn
freehand.
There is no cutting plane line.
EXAMPLE : Comparison among several section techniques
Dimensioning
in Section View
In most cases, dimensioning of the section views
follows the typical rules of dimensioning.
POOR GOOD
DIMENSIONING
For a half-section view,
use dimension line with
only one arrowhead that
points to the position inside f 50
the sectioned portion.
