) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Ingredients with many names
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Sometimes ingredients like sodium and sugar appear on ingredient lists under
many different names. Here's a list of commonly used terms:
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What are Food Additives?
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👉 Any substance that becomes part of a
food product either directly or
indirectly during some phase of
processing, storage or packaging.
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What are Food Additives?
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👉 Is something that doesn’t normally
occur in the food we eat – it has to be
added.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) What are Food Additives?
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According to WHO (1995), “Food Protection Committee of the
National Academy of Sciences (1959)
👉 “It is a substance or mixture of substances,
other than the basic food stuff, which is present
in food as a result of any aspect of production,
processing storage or packaging. This term does
not chance of contamination.”
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Codex Alimentarius Food Code
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“Additives are not
considered nutritional
even if they have some
nutritive value.”
“ Means any substance not normally
consume as food by itself and not normally
used as a typical ingredient of the food.”
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Codex Alimentarius Food Code
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“Additives are not
considered nutritional
even if they have some
nutritive value.”
“ means any substance not
The term does not include
normally consume as food
contaminants or substances
by itself and not…………
added to food for maintaining
or improving nutritional
qualities.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Uses and some of the functions of food additives
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) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Importance of Food Additives
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👉 Foods are subjected to many
environmental conditions, such as
temperature changes, oxidation and
exposure to microbes, which can
change their original composition.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Importance of Food Additives
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👉 Food additives play a key role in
maintaining the food qualities and
characteristics that consumers
demand, keeping food safe,
wholesome and appealing from farm
to fork.
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Types of Food Additives
Types of Food
Additives
01 Natural
Found naturally, such as
extracts from beetroot juice
(E162).
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Types of Food Additives
Types of Food
Additives
02 Manmade Versions
Synthetic identical copies of
substances found naturally,
such as benzoic acid (E210),
used as a preservative.
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Types of Food Additives
Types of Food
Additives
03 Artificial
Produced synthetically and not
found naturally, such as nisin
(E234), used as preservative in
some dairy products and in
semolina and tapioca puddings.
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What is E-Number?
👉 Some additives have been
approved for use in the EU. E- Number
These additives have E-numbers.
👉 The E-numbers tells us “ What the
additive is used for”
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What is E-Number?
E- Number
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Preservatives
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👉 Prevent the growth of micro-
Preservatives
organisms which could cause food
spoilage and lead to food poisoning.
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Preservatives
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👉 Extend the shelf-life of products, so
Preservatives
that they can be distributed and sold
to the consumer with a longer shelf-
life.
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Preservatives
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👉 Salting and sugaring are two of the
Preservatives
oldest methods of preserving food.
For example:
Meats are often treated with nitrite and nitrate
(E249 to E252) during the curing process.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Antioxidants
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👉 Prevent oxidative rancidity in foods
high on fats and oils. Antioxidants
👉 Another important reason is that
certain vitamins and various amino
acids can easily be destroyed by
exposure to air, and antioxidants serve
to protect them.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Antioxidants
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Water soluble
👉 Antioxidant types: Fat soluble types
types
BHA Ascorbic acid
👉 Water soluble BHT Citric acid
Antioxidants
(synergistic) type Catechin Phosphoric Acid
Quercetin
👉 Fat soluble type 2,6-dimethoxyphenol
Ethoxyquin
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👉 Naturally occurring substances that act
antioxidants are tocopherols, but they
are rarely used as additives because
they are more expensive than synthetic
antioxidant.
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👉 They are effective in low
concentrations (0.01-0.02%)
👉 Mixed antioxidants sometimes act
synergistically.
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Mostly Antioxidants prevents the
browning of cut fruits, vegetables, and
fruit juices
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Colors
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👉 Food coloring is added to foods to
replace lost colors during
preparation, or to make foods look Colors
more attractive.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Colors
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👉 In the USA there are seven artificial
colorings that are permitted in foods.
FD & C Blue No. 1 – Brilliant Blue Colors
FCF
FD & C Blue No. 2 - Indigotin
FD & C Red No. 3 – Fast Green
FD & C Red No. 40 – Allura Red AC
FD & C Red No. 3 – Erythrosine
FD & C Yellow No. 5 – Tartrazine
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Why use Color Additives?
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Restore Ensure that
01 02 each batch
color lost
during produced is
processing identical in
appearance or
or storage.
does not appear
‘off’
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Why use Color Additives?
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Reinforces Give color to food
03 04 which otherwise
color
would be colorless
already in and so make them
foods. more attractive
appetizing and
more sealable.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Why use Color Additives?
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04 To ensure
color
consistency.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Would you like this soft drink if no
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artificial flavoring and coloring had been
added to it?
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Flavoring agent
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👉 Flavor enhancers bring out the flavor
in foods without imparting flavor of
their own. Flavoring
Agent
Example:
monosodium glutamate (E612) is added
to process foods like some soups, sauce
and sausages
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Flavoring agent
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👉 Natural flavor substances such as
Spices and their extracts, herbs,
roots, essence and essential oils have Flavoring
Agent
been used.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Flavoring agent
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👉 Flavors of the substance are not uniform
as they vary season and area of
production.
👉 Natural are now replaced by synthetic Flavoring
Agent
flavor materials. It includes esters,
aldehydes, alcohols and ethers, smoke
flavors of glutamates.
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Monosodium glutamate
is a white solid, but it
can “bring out” the
flavor of foods. It is
therefore a flavor
enhancer.
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Why use Food Flavorings?
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👉 To enhance flavor of food.
👉 To restore the original flavor which
may be lost during food processing..
👉 To add flavor to foods which are
tasteless themselves (e.g. ice cream,
jelly)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Flavor Enhancer
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👉 Flavorings, on the other hand, are
added to a wide range of foods,
usually in small amounts to give a
particular taste. Flavor
Enhancer
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Flavor Enhancer
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👉 These do not have E numbers because
they are controlled by different food
news. Ingredients lists will say if
flavorings have been used, but
individual flavorings might name. Flavor
Enhancer
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Anticaking Agents
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👉 Anticaking Agents are placed in
powdered or granulated foods to
prevent them from caking or sticking
Anticacking
Agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Anticaking Agents
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👉 Some anticaking agents include
sodium bicarbonate, sodium
ferrocyanide, and potassium
ferrocyanide.
Anticacking
Agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Sodium Bicarbonate
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👉 It’s a white solid that
is crystalline, but
often appears as a
fine powder.
Anticacking
Agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Anticaking Agents
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👉 It has a slightly salty taste and
can be found dissolved in many
mineral springs. It is known as
baking soda.
Anti-cacking
Agents
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“Anti-cacking agents ensure free
movement or flow of particles,
e.g. in dried milk or table salt”
Anti-cacking
Agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Antifoaming Agents
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👉 Antifoaming agents reduce or
prevent foaming in foods.
These agents are
👉 included in many foods,
such as Diet Pepsi, Diet
Coke, and Sprite Antifoaming
Agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Antifoaming Agents
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👉 Antifoaming agents are added to
cooking oils to prevent excessive
frothing during deep frying.
Antifoaming
agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Antifoaming Agents
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👉 There are many types of
deformers including oil based,
water based, silicone based,
and EO/PO based
(polyoxyethylene(EO)--
polyoxypropylene (PO)) . Antifoaming
agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Glazing agent
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👉 Glazing agents provide a
protective coating or sheen
on the surface of foods, e.g.
confectionary (for
appearance and shelf-life).
Glazing
agent
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Emulsifiers
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👉 Emulsifiers help mix
ingredients together that would
normally separate
e.g. Lecithins (E322)
Emulsifiers
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Stabilizers
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👉 Stabilisers prevent ingredients
from separating again
e.g. locust bean gum (E410)
Stabilizers
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Gelling agents
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👉 Gelling agents are used to
change the consistency of a
food
e.g. pectin (E440), which is
used to make jam
Gelling
agents
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Thickeners
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👉 Thickeners help give food body
e.g. can be found in most
sauces
Thickeners
