Overview of operating
system
UNIT I
5TH SEMESTER
PRESENTED BY
PROFESSOR. SHRUTI ABHILASH MHASKAR
Definition
An operating system is system software that acts as an
intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer
hardware. It is software that manages the computer hardware
and allows the user to execute programs in a convenient and
efficient manner.
Hardware – provides basic computing resources CPU, memory, I/O devices
Operating system - Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and
users
Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the
computing problems of the users, Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems,
video games
Users - People, machines, other computers
Due to the complex nature of modern OS, it is partitioned into smaller components
Each component performs well defined function with well defined inputs and outputs.
The components are as below
i. Process management
ii. Memory management
iii. File Management
iv. Device management
v. Security and protection
vi. User interface or command interpreter
vii. Booting of computer
Process management
The task executed by CPU is referred to as process, Activity are
i. Creation and deletion of user and system process
ii. Suspension and resumption of process
iii. Process communication & synchronization and dead lock handling
iv. Control the execution of user application & scheduling of process
Process Mangement
Memory management
Allocation of memory to process as needed
Deallocate memory after used to free up the memory after completion of process
Reallocation of memory to a program after used block becomes free
Keep Track of which part of memory is been used and by whom
Determine how much memory is free and how much is occupied
Memory management
File management
Creation and deletion of files and directories
Provide access to files and allocation of storage spaces for files
Maintain back up of files
File security
File management
File management
Device management
To open, close and write device drivers
Communicate, control and monitor the device driver
Protection and security
The resources of the system are protected by the operating system.
User authentication, file attributes such as read, write, encryption, and back up of
data are used by operating system to give necessary protection
Protection and security
User Interface or command interpreter
As we recall in definition we said that the role of OS is to provide interface
between user and hardware of computer.
This is basically done by set of commands or Graphical user interface
Command interface
Graphical user interface
Booting of computer
The process of starting and restarting of computer is known as booting
If computer is switched off completely and then turned on then it is called cold
booting.
A warm booting is the process of using operating system to restar the computer
Booting of computer
Types of operating system
Batch Operating system
Multiprogramming operating system
Multiprocessing OS
Multitasking OS
Timesharing OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Real Time OS
Batch Operating system
Multiprogramming OS
Multi processing OS
MultiTasking OS
Time Sharing OS
Distributed OS
Network OS
Real time OS
