BUI L DI NG DR AW I NG
S OF ENGG DRAWING)
CHAPTER 6 (BASIC
BASIC DEFINITIONS
(1) CONCRETE
• Binding Material ( cement or lime)
• Filler material (Aggregates)
(2) PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC)
• Lean Concrete (cement < 10% of concrete)
• e.g., PCC (1:4:8), PCC(1:6:12)
• (1+4+8=13, cement=(1/13)*100= 7.7%) calculate cement %age for
PCC(1:6:12)
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
• Normal Concrete (cement is 10 to 15% of concrete)
• e.g., PCC (1:2:4) (14.28%)
• Rich Concrete (cement > 15% of concrete)
• e.g., PCC (1:1.5:3) ( %age=?)
(3) REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (RCC)
( 4 ) M O RTA R
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
(5) DAMP PROOF COURSE (DPC)
• 1.5 in or 3 in thick layer of PCC (1:2:4)
• Over two coats of bitumen are applied
• The top of DPC is made in level with the ground floor level of building
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DPC DPC
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
(6) CEILING HEIGHT
• Bottom of roof slab is called ceiling
• Clear height available inside a building
is known as Ceiling Height
• Generally it is 8 to 12 ft
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
(7) SILL LEVEL
• It is the level of bottom of main Sill
windows generally 3 ft.
• In past sill or slab was provided at 3 ft high
bottom of window projecting from the
wall
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
(8) FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL (FFL)
• Top level of floor in any part of the building
• May be different for rooms, verandahs and open areas of building
• Also different for different storeys of building
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
(9) PLINTH LEVEL (PL)
• It is the level of ground floor top in main part of the building.
• It is made higher than the ground level by an amount depending upon following
factors (min. PL is 1 ft)
(i) Prevention from rain water
(ii) Drainage of used water
(ii) Future trends like rising of road level
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
(10) GROUND LEVEL
• It is the level of ground in or near the building which may be natural or developed
ground level
( 11 ) S U P E R - S T R U C T U R E
• The portion of a structure which is visible or which is above the ground level is called
superstructure
(12) SUB-STRUCTURE
• The portion of the structure present underground is called substructure including
foundation and basement if present
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BASIC DEFINITIONS Parapet walls
( 1 3 ) PA R A P E T
• Small wall provided on periphery of the
roof for safety and privacy purpose is
called parapet wall
• It has height from 1 ft to 5 ft from top
of roof slab
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
( 1 4 ) F O U N D AT I O N
• The portion of the structure under columns and walls which transfer the load of
the structure to the soil underneath in a safe way without excessive settlement
(compression)
• Distribute load to larger area reducing load per unit area (load intensity) until it
becomes equal to safe bearing capacity of soil underneath (0.5 to 1.5 tons per
square ft)
(1 ton = 1000 kg)
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
S T E P P E D F O U N D AT I O N
• In stepped foundation, brick wall is expanded below ground level in different
steps
• The increase in thickness of wall in one step should be 2.25 in on either side with
total of 4.5 in.
• The height of step may vary in the multiples of 3 in depending upon required
depth of foundation from the ground level
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• At the bottom of foundation, lean concrete
(discussed earlier) or compacted mixture of brick
ballast with 25% sand is to be provided.
• Offset of this layer must be lesser than or equal to
its depth (6” or 9”)
Brick Ballast (Rory)
• No. of steps can be found by dividing the wall Brick Ballast
thickness in inches to 4.5”.
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2.25” 9” 2.25”
2.25”
6” 2.25” 13.5”
13.5”
2.25” 18” 2.25”
6” 18”
2.25” 2.25”
22.5” 22.5”
6”
6” 6” 27” 6” 27”
6” Lean Concrete PCC (1:4:8) Lean Concrete PCC (1:4:8)
39”
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Four stepped footing Two stepped footing
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
lintel
LINTEL
• Lintel is a small beam usually concealed
beam provided over openings in wall like
doors, windows and ventilators
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Lintel
• After plastering, lintels hide, it is
common mistake that students don’t
draw lintels on drawings
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