Name - Chirag Chaudhary
Class - 10th
Section – A
Roll no. - 10
Subject - Mathematics
Topic - Pair of Linear Equation in
two variables
Introduction
What are Linear Equations?
• Definition: A linear equation is an equation between two
variables that gives a straight line when plotted on a graph.
• Variables: Represent quantities that can change. Commonly
denoted as x and y.
• Constants: Fixed numbers that determine the position and slope
of the line. In the equation ax + by = c; a, b and c are constants.
Historical Background
Origin of Linear Equations:
Ancient Greece: Euclid's contributions to geometry indirectly
laid the groundwork for linear equations.
Diophantus of Alexandria: Known as the father of algebra, he
worked on equations that are now considered linear.
17th Century: René Descartes developed the Cartesian
coordinate system, which made graphing linear equations
possible.
Graphical Representation
Plotting Linear Equations:
Cartesian Plane: Defined by an x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical).
Plotting Steps:
Find the x-intercept (set y = 0, solve for x).
Find the y-intercept (set x = 0, solve for y).
Plot both intercepts and draw the line through them.
Example: For 2x+3y=6
x-intercept: x=3
y-intercept: y=2
Draw the line through (3,0) and (0,2).
Pair of Linear Equations
Definition of a Pair of Linear Equations:
Simultaneous Equations: Two equations with
the same variables.
Standard Form: a1 x + b1 y = c1 and a2x + b2y =
c2
Example: 2x + 3y = 6 and x - y = 2
Methods of Solving
Graphical Method:
Steps:
Plot both equations on the same graph.
Identify the point of intersection.
The coordinates of this point are the solution.
Example:
Plot 2x+3y=6 and x−y=2
Intersection at (2, 0).
Algebraic Methods - Substitution
Substitution Method:
Steps:
Solveone equation for one variable Substitute this
expression into the other equation.
Solve for the remaining variable.
Substitute back to find the other variable.
Algebraic Methods - Elimination
Elimination Method:
Steps:
Multiply equations to align coefficients of one
variable.
Add or subtract equations to eliminate that
variable.
Solve for the remaining variable.
Substitute back to find the other variable.
Comparison of Methods
Advantages and Disadvantages:
Graphical:
Visual method.
Good for understanding the concept.
Limited accuracy for exact solutions.
Substitution:
Useful for simple equations.
Can be cumbersome with complex equations.
Elimination:
Efficient for solving.
Can be used for more complex systems.
Special Cases
Types of Solutions:
Unique Solution: Intersecting lines; one solution (x, y).
Example: 2x+3y=6 and x−y=2 intersect at (2, 0).
No Solution: Parallel lines; no points of intersection.
Example: 2x+3y=6 and 2x+3y=8 are parallel.
Infinitely Many Solutions: Coincident lines; all points on the
line are solutions.
Example: 2x+3y=6 and 4x+6y=12.
Applications
Real-World Applications:
Economics:
Supply and demand equations.
Example: Supply: p=2q+5; Demand: p=−q+20.
Equilibrium: Set equations equal and solve for p and q.
Physics:
Motion problems.
Example: d=rt where d = distance, r = rate, t = time.
Engineering:
Circuit analysis using Kirchhoff's laws.
Example: V=IR, where V = voltage, I = current, R = resistance.
Word Problems
Formulating Equations from Word Problems:
Steps:
Read the problem carefully.
Identify variables.
Translate words into equations.
Solve the equations.
Systems of Linear Equations in Various Fields
Applications in Different Fields:
Business:
Break-even analysis.
Cost and revenue equations.
Science:
Chemical reaction equations.
Balancing chemical equations.
Technology:
Computer algorithms.
Machine learning models.
Advanced Topics
Introduction to Linear Programming:
Basic Concepts:
Optimization of a linear objective function.
Subject to linear constraints.
Applications:
Resource allocation.
Production planning.
Conclusion
Final Thoughts:
Understanding linear equations is fundamental
in various fields.
Encouragement to explore further topics such
as linear algebra and linear programming.
“
THANK YOU
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Have a nice day
