Chapter Two
End to End Machine Learning Project
Md. Abu Naser Mojumder
Assistant Professor
Computer Science and Engineering
Sylhet Engineering College
Basic Steps of a Machine Learning Project
Data Collection and Problem Statement
Exploratory Data Analysis with Pandas and NumPy
Data Preparation using Sklearn
Selecting and Training a few Machine Learning Models
Cross-Validation and Hyperparameter Tuning using Sklearn
Deploying the Final Trained Model on Web or any Platform.
* In this lecture we will discuss about the steps and based on this theory we will develop a model in Lab.
Data Collection and Problem Statement
o The first step is to get your hands on the data.
o If You have access to data, then the first step is to define the problem that you want to solve.
o If We don’t have the data yet, so we are going to collect the data first.
For example:
• Obtain the Iris dataset, which is a well-known dataset available in many libraries like Scikit-
Learn. The dataset consists of measurements of three different species of iris flowers (setosa,
versicolor, and virginica).
• Define the problem statement: In this case, it could be a classification problem where you
aim to predict the species of iris flowers based on their measurements.
Exploratory Data Analysis with Pandas and NumPy
o Check for data type of columns
o Check for null values.
o Check for outliers.
o Look for the category distribution in categorical columns
o Plot for correlation etc.
For example:
• Import the dataset into a Pandas DataFrame.
• Explore the data using Pandas and NumPy to gain insights, such as summary statistics, data
types, missing values, and data visualization (e.g., histograms, scatter plots, pair plots) to
understand the distribution and relationships between variables.
Data Preparation using Sklearn
o Preprocessing Categorical Attribute
o Data Cleaning
o Attribute Addition etc.
For example:
• Handle missing values if any.
• Encode categorical variables (if any) using techniques like one-hot encoding.
• Split the dataset into training and testing sets to evaluate the model's performance.
Selecting and Training Machine Learning Models
o Create an instance of the model class.
o Train the model using the fit() method.
o Make predictions by first passing the data through pipeline transformer.
o Evaluating the model.
For example:
• Choose several machine learning algorithms for classification (e.g., Logistic Regression,
Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors).
• Split the data into features (X) and the target variable (y).
• Train the selected models on the training data.
• Evaluate the model's performance on the testing data using appropriate metrics (e.g.,
accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score).
Cross-Validation and Hyperparameter Tuning using Sklearn
o Scikit-Learn’s K-fold cross-validation feature randomly splits the training set into K
distinct subsets called folds. Then it trains and evaluates the model K times, picking a
different fold for evaluation every time and training on the other K-1 folds.
o After testing all the models, you’ll find that your model has performed well but it still
needs to be fine-tuned.
For example:
• Perform k-fold cross-validation to assess the model's generalization performance
and detect overfitting.
• Tune hyperparameters for the best-performing models using techniques like Grid
Search or Randomized Search.
• Re-evaluate the models with the tuned hyperparameters.
Deploying the Final Trained Model on Web or any Platform.
o You can deploy your model into a Web app that can make predictions.
o It can be weather prediction or image classification or anything.
For example:
• Once you have a well-performing model, you can deploy it on a web application or any
platform.
• Depending on your choice of deployment, you may need to use frameworks like Flask, Django,
or cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud, or Azure to host your model.
• Create an interface (e.g., a web form) for users to input data and get predictions from the
model.
• Make sure to handle input data preprocessing and model inference appropriately in the
deployment environment.
Thank You
