Unit 1 – Basic Number
GCSE Foundation Tier 1
1.6 – Written Addition and
Subtraction
This section will show you how to:
Add and subtract numbers with more than one digit.
Round these numbers to the nearest 100. Keywords:
a. 504 e. 967 Addition
b. 998 f. 1050 Column
c. 512 g. 940 Digit
d. 1020 h. 1070 Subtract
Addition
There are three things to remember when you are adding two whole
numbers.
• The answer will always be larger than the bigger number.
• Always add the units column first.
• When the total of the digits in a column is more than nine, you
have to carry a digit into the digit, otherwise you may forget to
include it in the addition.
Addition
• The answer will always be larger than the bigger number.
• Always add the units column first.
• When the total of the digits in a column is more than nine, you have to carry
a digit into the digit, otherwise you may forget to include it in the addition.
Example:
Add:
a) 167 + 25 b) 2296 + 1173
167 229
+ +
25 6
192 117
3469
1 31
Exercise 1F:
Copy and work out each of these additions.
G
Exercise 1F:
Copy and work out each of these additions.
a) 563 + 85 + 178 826. f) 56 + 8407 + 395 8858.
b) 3086 + 58 + 674 3818. g) 6143 + 557 + 1316831.
c) 85 + 1852 + 659 2596. h) 2593 + 45 + 43787016.
d) 759 + 43 + 89 891. i) 545 + 3838 + 67 4450.
e) 605 + 26 + 2135 2766. j) 5213 + 658 + 4073
9944.
G
Subtraction
There are four things to remember when you are subtracting one
whole number from another.
• The bigger number must always be written down first.
• The answer will always be smaller than the bigger number.
• Always subtract the units column first.
• When you have to take a bigger digit from a smaller digit in a
column, you must ‘borrow’ a 10 by taking one from the column to
the left and putting it with the smaller digit.
Subtraction
• The bigger number must always be written down first.
• The answer will always be smaller than the bigger number.
• Always subtract the units column first.
• When you have to take a bigger digit from a smaller digit in a column, you must
‘borrow’ a 10 by taking one from the column to the left and putting it with the smaller
digit.
Example:
Subtract:
a) 874 – 215 b) 300 – 163
6 1 2 91
874 300
- -
215 163
659 137
Exercise 1F:
Copy and work out each of these subtractions.
G
Exercise 1F:
Copy and work out each of these subtractions.
a) 354 – 226 128. g) 592 – 257 335.
b) 285 – 256 29. h) 753 – 354 399.
c) 663 – 329 334. i) 6705 – 2673 4032.
d) 506 – 328 178. j) 8021 – 3256 4765.
e) 654 – 377 277. k) 7002 – 3207 3795.
f) 733 - 448 285. l) 8700 - 3263 5437. G
Exercise 1F:
The distance from Cardiff to London is 152 miles.
The distance from London to Edinburgh is 406 miles.
a) How far is it to travel from Cardiff to London and then
from London to Edinburgh?
558 miles.
b) How much further is it to travel from London to
Edinburgh than from Cardiff to London?
254 miles.
G
Exercise 1F:
a) Jon is checking the addition of two numbers. His
answer is 843. One of the numbers is 591. What
should the other number be?
252.
b) Lisa is checking the subtraction: 614 – 258. Explain
how you know that her answer of 444 is incorrect
without working out the whole calculation.
The units digit should be 6 (from 14 – 8).
G
Exercise 1F:
Copy each of these additions and fill in the missing gaps.
G
Exercise 1F:
Copy each of these subtractions and fill in the missing
gaps.
F
A question to end on…
A two-digit number is subtracted
from a three digit number. The
answer is 154. Work out one pair
of possible values for the numbers.
