DATABASE DESIGN
Introduction
to
Database Design
Data
Definition:
Data is raw, unprocessed information.
Direct data collected from sources
Data is an information , which is
unprocessed
So there is no structure for the
particular data
It contains number , character ,
symbol , audio, video or any other form
can be recorded and stored
Examples of Data:
Text data: “ABC PQR”
Numerical data: 22 (age), 300
(price)
Date data: "2024-08-22" (a
specific date)
Boolean data: True/False (Yes/No)
What is Database?
Database is a collection of organized
information that can be easily
accessed , managed and updated.
DATABASE Organized
data
Databse Design:
Database design is a crucial aspect of
managing data in an organized, efficient,
and accessible way.
Purpose of database design: The main
goal of database design:
store data effectively
retrieve it quickly, and
maintain data integrity
Key Concepts in Database
Design
Tables:
A table consists of rows and columns, where
each row represents a record (like an entry in a
phonebook) and each column represents a field (like
a person's name or phone number).
Fields (Columns):
These define the type of data stored in each
column of a table. For example, a field could be
"Name," "Age," or "Address.“
Records (Rows):
A record is a single entry in a table, like one
person's contact information in a phonebook.
Primary Key:
A unique identifier for each record in a
table. For example, a Student ID that is
unique to each Student.
Relationships:
How table connect to each other
Normalization:
The process of organizing data in a
database to reduce redundancy and improve
data integrity.
Information and database
Information
Information is defined as a processed data that
holds meaning and context. It is a knowledge
derived from data , organised and presented in
a meaningful way.
Organised data : data that has been
structured in a way that makes it
understandable.
EXAMPLE : A table that stores information
about products and another table that stores
information about orders
Charachteristics
ACCURACY : Information should be correct
and free from errors.
RELIABILITY : Information should come from
trustworthy sources.
STRUCTURED : Data is organised in tables
with rows and columns.
CONSISTENCY : Ensures that data follows
the defined rules and constraints.
TIMELINESS : Information should be up-to-
date and available when needed.
Difference between data and information
• DATA • INFORMATION
• Data is a collection • It is a processed
of raw facts. data.
• Data is unorganised. • It is organised. It is
It is based on based on analysis of
records , data.
observations.
• Data does not relies • It relies on data.
on information.
• Data is not arranged. • Information is
arranged.
Database
Database is an organised collection of data
that can be easily accessed and managed.
We can organize data into tables , rows ,
columns and index it to make it easier to find
relevant information.
Database can be easily controlled by data
base management system.
CONCEPTS OF DATABASE
DATA MODEL : Defines the structure and
relationship between data elements in a
database
RELATIONAL DATABASE : Stores data in
tables with rows and columns.
SQL : It is a structured query language used
to communicate with database allowing user to
query , insert , delete and update.
NORMALISATION : It is a process of
optimizing database design by reducing data
redundancy and data integrity.
Importance of database
Data storage and retrieval : It provides a
centralized repository for storing and retrieving
of data.
Data consistency : Database ensures data
consistency across different applications and
users.
Data analysis and reporting : Database
enable data analysis and reporting capabilities ,
providing valuable insights from data.
Data sharing and collaboration : It facilitates
data sharing and collaboration among multiple
users and applications.
Importance of Database
Design
Efficient Data Storage:
A good design helps store data in a way
that saves space and makes it easy to retrieve.
Quick Access:
Well-designed databases make it faster
to find and use the data you need.
Data Accuracy:
Proper design helps keep your data
accurate and consistent.
Avoiding Duplication:
It reduces duplicate information, which
keeps data organized and reduces errors.
Scalability:
A good design allows the
database to grow and handle more
data without problems.
Security:
Proper design includes measures
to protect your data from
unauthorized access.
Ease of Use:
Makes it easier for users to
interact with the database and for
developers to maintain
Real-World Applications
Business:
Managing customer data, inventory,
sales, and financial records.
Healthcare:
Storing patient records, treatment
plans, and billing information.
Education:
Handling student records, course
information, and grades.
Government:
Managing data on citizens, taxes,
public services, and more.
THANK YOU
