Implicit Objects Scope And El
Expressions
1. Implicit Objects
2. Character Quoting Conventions
3. Unified Expression Language [Unified El]
4. Expression Language
Implicit Objects
• Web containers create these implicit objects when they translate
JSP pages to servlet.
• They are available to all JSP pages.
• They are written in scriptlet tags except declaration.
• Beacuse everything that is in the scriptlet tag goes to _jspSevice()
method where processing of requests occurs, whereas declaration
goes to source file generated outside _jspService() method.
• They get called directly and need not to be declared.
• They are also called in-built objects / Predefined variables.
Implicit Objects
• There are 9 implicit objects available in the web container.
• Out of these 9, 7 are objects while 2 are passed as parameters to the
_jspService().
1. out
2. request
3. response
4. config
5. session
6. application
7. page
8. pageContext
9. exception
Implicit Objects
1. out
• It is the most used implicit object that comes from
java.servlet.jsp.JspWriter.
• It’s work is to write data into a buffer which would be sent to the
client as output.
• It possesses the access to servlet output stream.
• Servlet uses PrintWriter but JspWriter has some additional features
to it.
• Jsp Writer has options for buffer and I/O Exceptions which are not
available in PrintWriter.
Syntax: out.methodName();
Implicit Objects
1. out
• Out uses various methods such as:
a. void print(): It prints the data to the output. One can specify
the data type too.
out.print(datatype d);
b. void println(): It prints the data type and terminates the
line.
out.println(datatype d);
c. void flush(): The contents in the buffer(if present) gets
written to the output and the stream is flushed.
out.flush();
Implicit Objects
1. out
• Out uses various methods such as:
d. void clear():
It clears the buffer. Even if something is present in the buffer,
it doesn’t get written to output.
It will throw an exception, if this method is called on a buffer
that is already flushed.
out.clear();
Implicit Objects
1. out
• Out uses various methods such as:
e. void clear buffer():
It is similar to clear but it doesn’t give an exception if called
on a flushed buffer.
out.clear buffer();
f. boolean isAutoFlush():
This method checks that the buffer is set to flush automatically
or not.
out.isAutoFlush();
Implicit Objects
1. out
• Out uses various methods such as:
g. int getBufferSize():
This method returns the size of the buffer in bytes.
out.getBufferSize();
h. int getRemaining():
This method returns the remaining bytes of buffer that are
empty before the buffer overflows.
out.getRemaining();
Implicit Objects
1. out - Out uses various methods Example: Out.jsp
<html>
<head><title>IMPLICIT OBJECT</title></head>
<body>
<%
out.println("first statement");
out.println("second");
out.println("third");
%>
</body> </html>
Explanation: Using the method out.println(), this example shows the use of out implicit
object. Output gets shown on the screen.
Implicit Objects
1. out - Out uses various methods Example: Out.jsp
Output:
Implicit Objects
2. request -
• This is an in-built implicit object of
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest .
• It is passed as a parameter to jspService method.
• This instance is created each time a request is generated.
• Using this object user can request for a parameter session,
cookies, header information, server name, server port,
contentType, character encoding etc.
• It has following methods:
Syntax: request.methodname(“value”);
Implicit Objects
2. request - Methods under request parameter are:
a. getParameter(): This method is used so that the value of request can be
got.
String obj=request.getParameter(“name”);
b. getParameterNames(): It gives the Enumeration of requested values.
c. getParameterValues(String name): It returns a whole array of
parameters.
d. getAttribute(String name): This method gets the value of the attributes
present.
request.getAttribute(“value”);
e. getAttributeNames(): This method is used to generate all the attributes
that are present in that session.
Implicit Objects
2. request - Methods under request parameter are:
f. setAttribute(String, Object):
This method sets the value of an attribute according to user requirements.
For example, If user want to set password value as admin then,
str=admin
String str=request.setattribute(“Password”, str)
This will set admin as password.
g. removeAttribute(str): This method will remove the mentioned attribute
from that JSP page.
request.removeAttribute(“value”);
Implicit Objects
2. request - Methods under request parameter are:
h. getCookies(): This method of request will give an array of cookie
objects used under cookie handling.
i. getHeader(String name): This method will get the information
regarding the header of the request.
j. getHeaderNames(): This method will return an enumeration of all the
header names available.
k. getRequestURI(): This method will return the Current JSP page’s URL
to the user.
l. getMethod(): This method will return the method used for the request.
For example, GET for getMethod(), POST for postMethod().
m. getQueryString(): This method will return the string in the url after the
question mark for the associated page.
Implicit Objects
2. request - Methods under request parameter are: Example
form.html
<html>
<head><title>My login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user.jsp">
<a>Username:</a><input type="text" name="username"> <br/>
<a>Password:</a><input type="text" name="password">
<input type="submit" value="go"><br/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Implicit Objects
2. request - Methods under request parameter are: Example
user.jsp
<html>
<head><title>login</title></head><body>
<%
String name=request.getParameter("username");
String pass=request.getParameter("password");
out.print("Welcome user, you entered your name as "+name);
%>
</body>
</html>
Implicit Objects
• Explanation: This example gets the Parameter
value from the user in the form of username and
password using getParameter() and shows a
welcome message to the user.
• Output:
Implicit Objects
3. response
• This is an object from HttpServletResponse.
• This object rather gets passed as a parameter to
jspService() like request.
• It is the response given to the user.
• This object can be used for redirect, get header
information, add cookies, send error messages using this
object.
Syntax: response.nethodName();
Implicit Objects
3. response - Methods used with response object are:
a. void setContentType(String type):
• This method sets the contempt type of browser and browser
interprets according to it.
response.setContentType(“text/html”);
response.setContentType(“image/gif”);
b. void sendRedirect(String address):
• This method will redirect users to other destinations.
response.sendRedirect(“http://www.google.com”);
Implicit Objects
3. response - Methods used with response object are:
c. void addHeader(String name, String value):
• This method adds header to the response
response.addHeader(“Address”,
“Google.com”);
d. void setHeader(String name, String value):
• This method will set the header value
response.setHeader(“Address”, “G.com”);
Implicit Objects
3. response - Methods used with response object are:
e. boolean containsHeader(String name):
• It checks that if header is present or not. It can have 2 values either
true/false
response.containsHeader(“Address”);
f. void addCookie(Cookie value):
• Response will contain cookie using this method.
response.addCookie(Cookie kk);
g. void sendError(int status_code, String message):
• Error response is sent using this method.
response.sendError(404, “error: Page was not found “);
Implicit Objects
3. response - Methods used with response object
user2.jsp
are:
Example: <html>
redirect.html <head><title>login</title></head>
<html>
<head><title>My login</title> </head> <body>
<body> <%
<form action="user2.jsp">
<a>Username:</a><input type="text"
response.sendRedirect("http://
name="username"> <br/> www.google.com");
<a>Password:</a><input type="text"
name="password">
%>
<input type="submit" value="go"><br/> </body>
</form>
</html>
</body></html>
Implicit Objects
• Output
Implicit Objects
• 4. config
• It is an object of javax.servlet.ServletConfig.
• It is used to get the information regarding configuration of JSP
pages, such as servlet context, servlet name, configuration
parameters, etc..
• For example get Servlet Name etc.
• It gives out the parameters related to servlet mapping
initialization.
Syntax: config.methodName();
Implicit Objects
• 4. config
• Methods used with config object are:
• String getInitParameter(String name) – This method gets the
parameter name.
• Enumeration getInitParameterNames( ) – This method will
return an enumeration of initialization params.
• getServletContext( ) – It will return reference to Servlet context.
• String getServletName() – It returns the name of the servlet which
was defined in the web.xml file used for mapping.
String s = config.getServletName();
Implicit Objects
• 5. session
• session object is the implicit object under
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession .
• It is used to get session information as it tracks sessions between
client requests.
• It can be used to get, set as well as remove under scope of session.
• As session creation and management is a cumbersome project so if
user don’t want a session to be created user can set the session
in page directive as false.
Syntax: session.getAttribute()
Implicit Objects
• 5. session
Methods used with session object are:
• setAttribute(String, object) – This method will assign a string to the
object and save it in session.
• getAttribute(String name) – This method gets the object that is set by
setAttribute.
• removeAttribute(String name) – Objects that are in the session can be
removed using this method.
• getAttributeNames – It returns enumeration of the objects in session.
• getCreationTime – This method returns time when the session was in
active mode
Implicit Objects
• 5. session
Methods used with session object are:
• getId –This method gives out the unique id of the session.
• isNew – This method checks if a session is new or not. It would
return true if cookies are not there.
• getMaxInactiveInterval – Returns time span, the session was
inactive.
• getLastAccessedTime – This method gives the last accessed time
of a session.
• Example: Add Lab Program
Implicit Objects
6. application
• It is an implicit object of ServletContext from javax.servlet.ServletContext
implementation.
• An application object is used to initialize application-wide parameters and
maintain functional data throughout the JSP application.
• This object is created by the web container only when an application is deployed.
• It is generated one per application. As the name suggests, it interacts with servlet.
• It can get set or even remove the attributes under application scope.
• It can exclusively be used to get the object Request Dispatcher. Using Request
Dispatcher, it forwards the request to other pages.
Syntax: application.methodName(“value”);
Implicit Objects
6. application
Methods available under application scope are:
• Object getAttribute(String attributeName):
• This method gets the object available in the attribute and returns
it.
String a = (String)application.getAttribute(“Name”);
• void setAttribute(String attributeName, Object object): This
method will set the value of attribute.
application.setAttribute(“Address”, “Value of Address”)
Implicit Objects
6. application
Methods available under application scope are:
• void removeAttribute(String objectName):
• This method will remove an attribute from application.
application.removeAttribute(“Name”);
• String getRealPath(String value):
• This method will return the absolute path of the file.
String abspath = application.getRealPath(“/form.html”);
Implicit Objects
6. application
Methods available under application scope are:
void log(String message):
• This method stores logs to default log file of JSP Engine.
application.log(“ error 404 page not found”);
• String getServerInfo():
• Returns name and version of web container.
application.getServerInfo();
Implicit Objects
6. application
• Explanation: The object used in
Example:
the example is application along
<html>
with the method getContextPath
<head> method. It gives the Context
<title>Application object</title> Path of the related JSP page.
</head>
<body>
<a>This is an example for application
implicit object</a>
<% application.getRealPath(“/form.html”); • Output:
%>
</body>
</html>
Implicit Objects
7. PageContext
• It is the implicit object from javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext
implementation where PageContext is an abstract
implementation.
• This object has the capability to get, set and remove
attributes that fall under 4 scopes–page, request, session and
application scopes.
Implicit Objects
7. PageContext
• This object has references to other implicit objects.
• It contains information of directives, buffer information,
error page URL.
• It holds reference to request and response as well.
• This can support over 40 methods that are inherited from
ContextClass.
• It is even used to get info of a complete JSP page.
Syntax: pageContext.methodName(“parameter”);
Implicit Objects
8. page
• This implicit object comes under java.lang.Object class.
• Its work is to provide reference to the servlet class generated.
• Type casting is thus required to access this object as shown
below.
<% (HttpServlet)page.log(“message”); %>
Syntax:
Object page=this;
<% this.log(“message”); %>
Implicit Objects
9. Exception
• Exception is an implicit built-in object of java.lang.Throwable.
• This is useful for handling exceptions in JSP.
• As these pages handle errors, they can only be used for JSP
error pages.
• This implies that if <%@ page isErrorPage=”true”%>, then
only user can use this object.
Syntax is as follows:
<%=exception%>
Implicit Objects
form2.html divide.jsp
<html> <%@ page errorPage="exception.jsp" %>
<head> <html>
<body>
<title>Enter two Integers to divide</title>
<%
</head>
String
<body> num1=request.getParameter("number1");
<form action="divide.jsp"> String
Enter First Integer:<input type="text" num2=request.getParameter("number2");
name="number1" /><br/> int n1= Integer.parseInt(num1);
int n2= Integer.parseInt(num2);
Enter Second Integer:<input type="text"
int result= n1/n2;
name="mumber2" />
out.print("Output is: "+ result);
<input type="submit" value="Result"/>
%>
</form>
</body>
</body> </html>
</html>
Implicit Objects
exception.jsp Explanation: In this example html
page opens and asks for input.
<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
These entered numbers are
<html> forwarded to divide.jsp that does
<head><title>Exception</title></ calculation and if the page creates an
exception, then exception.jsp is
head> called and it throws
<body> java.langNumberFormatException
and Check the data entered.
<a href: Hey,Got this Exception:
</a><%= exception %> <br/>
<a>Check the data entered.</a>
</body>
</html>
Implicit Objects
9. Exception
• Output
Character Quoting Conventions
• Exception is an implicit built-in object of
java.lang.Throwable.
• This is useful for handling exceptions in JSP.
• As these pages handle errors, they can only be used for JSP
error pages.
• This implies that if <%@ page isErrorPage=”true”%>, then
only user can use this object.
Syntax is as follows:
<%=exception%>
Character Quoting Conventions
• Exception is an implicit built-in object of
java.lang.Throwable.
• This is useful for handling exceptions in JSP.
• As these pages handle errors, they can only be used for JSP
error pages.
• This implies that if <%@ page isErrorPage=”true”%>, then
only user can use this object.
Syntax is as follows:
<%=exception%>
Character Quoting Conventions
• Exception is an implicit built-in object of
java.lang.Throwable.
• This is useful for handling exceptions in JSP.
• As these pages handle errors, they can only be used for JSP
error pages.
• This implies that if <%@ page isErrorPage=”true”%>, then
only user can use this object.
Syntax is as follows:
<%=exception%>
