Training Of Trainers on
HIV Rapid Tests
Date
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Course Information
Course title: Rapid HIV testing TOT training
Course duration: XXX
Couse Continuous educational unit (CEU): XX
Course code: XXXXX
Course goal:
• To provide participants with necessary knowledge, skill and
attitude needed to perform HIV rapid tests
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Course Objectives(Asdesach)
Describe the basics of HIV and HIV Testing Services.
Describe the spectrum and complexity of HIV testing
Technologies
Apply the national testing strategy and algorithm
Apply biosafety principles in HIV Rapid Testing Site during
specimen collection and HIV rapid testing.
Describe the supplies and work area setup for HIV testing
Collect capillary blood for HIV rapid testing.
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CONT…
Apply HIV rapid testing techniques following the national testing
algorithm.
Apply the quality assurance activities at all testing level to achieve
quality and reliable HIV result.
Describe the supply chain management of HIV RTK at the health
facilities setup.
Recognize the application of documents and records in the quality
system and the monitoring of programs
Apply the basic principles of professional ethics during HIV Rapid
Testing.
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Participant Evaluation
• Formative Evaluation:
o Pre- test
• Summative Evaluation:
o Knowledge (40%): post-test-exam
o Practical examination (60%)-performing HV rapid testing
(annexed on PP manual page XX)
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Criteria For Certification Of Competency
(COC)
• Cumulative score > 80% in the summative assessment
• Should score >50% out of 60% in the practical exam
• Full attendance of the course is mandatory
• Scored < 80% (Knowledge <30 and Practical exam <50) in a
post testing will be given re-exam after exhaustive coaching
• Certificate of completion will be given; If he/she can’t pass re-
exam
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Chapter: 1:
Basics of HIV and HIV Testing
Services
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Enabling objectives:
At the end of this chapter participants will be able to;
• Explain the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
Explain the current global, regional, and national epidemiology
of HIV
Explain modes of HIV transmissions
Identify HIV prevention methods
State targeted groups for HIV Testing Services at point of care
testing
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Recognize the approaches of HIV Testing Services
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Outlines
• Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
• The current global, regional, and national epidemiology of HIV
• Modes of HIV transmissions
• HIV prevention methods
• Targeted groups for HIV Testing Services at point of care
testing
• Approaches of HIV Testing Services
• Chapter Summery
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Human Immuno-deficiency Virus(HIV)
Activity 1.1. Think/Pair/share
Instruction: First take a while to think on the
following questions and be in pair with a partner
seating next to you and share your idea regarding the
question and reflect what you have discussed to the
larger group.
1.1.1. What are the different strains of HIV-1?
1.1.2. what are the attachment receptors for HIV?
Time: 10 min
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HIV Cont…
• HIV is members of the family
Retroviruses
• Has a lipid envelope, glycoprotein gp41 to
which surface glycoprotein gp120 is
attached.
• These viral proteins are responsible for
attachment to the host cell.
• The viral gp120 binds initially to CD4
molecule
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• Then triggers a conformational change in
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Epidemiology of HIV
Activity 1.2. Self-Reflection
Instruction: Reflect your ideas on the
following questions
1.2.1. What is the current prevalence of HIV
in Ethiopia?
Time: 5 minutes
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Epidemiology of HIV…
• HIV is One of the pandemic diseases affected all regions of the
globe
• There are variation among regions on the level of burden of the
epidemic
• Third largest pandemic after the 14th century Black Death and
the 1918 influenza pandemic
• Globally 38 million people are living with HIV;36.2
million(Adult)1.8(<15)
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Epidemiology of HIV…
• Ethiopia has a generalized epidemic with an estimated
national adult prevalence of 0.93% (EDHS 2019).
• Epidemic is heterogeneous by sex, geography and population
groups
•Women more infected compared to men (women1.2%, men
0.6%)
•Prevalence;
o Highest in Gambella (4.13%),lowest in Somali(0.15%),SNNPR
(0.4%)
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Mode of HIV Transmission
Activity 1.3. Self-Reflection
Instruction: Reflect your ideas on the
following questions
1.3.1. What are the possible mode of HIV
transmission?
Time: 5 minutes
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Mode of HIV Cont…
Having unprotected sex with an infected partner.
Mother to babies during pregnancy, labor, and delivery,
breastfeeding.
Exposure to infectious blood and body fluids
Transfusion with HIV-infected blood.
Exposing broken skin or wound to infected blood or bodily fluids
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Mode of HIV Cont…
•Period between HIV infection and detection using serological
assays is window period
o Signals end of the seroconversion period
o The period prior to detection of HIV is referred as “acute
infection’.
•The length of window period is determined by;
o Genetic factors of the virus
o Genetics and immuno-competence of the host
o Assay target, detection type and specimen
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Mode of HIV Cont…
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Mode of HIV Prevention
Activity 1.4: Group discussion
Instruction:
Be in group of 5 people
Discuss the below question in your group and
share your response to the larger group orally
Discussion Question:
1.4.1. What are the HIV prevention methods?
Time: 10 min (5 min for discussion and 5 min for
response)
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Mode of HIV Prevention…
• Abstinence; being faithful, use Condom
• Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT)
• Prevention and treatment of Sexually Transmitted
Infections(STI)
• Anti-retro viral Therapy (ART
• Infection prevention (IP)
• Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
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Targeted groups for HIV Testing Services
(HTS)
Activity 1.5. Self-Reflection
Instruction: Reflect your ideas on the following
questions
1.5.1. List target groups for HTS?
Time: 3 minutes
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Targeted groups CONt…
• Pregnant women at first ANC Visit, laboring and postpartum
women with unknown HIV status
• Sexual Partners of HIV Positive pregnant/ postpartum women
• Sexual partners of Adult Index cases, biological children, and
siblings (<19 years old) and biological parents of index children
• FSWs and People with injecting drugs with unknown HIV status
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Targeted groups Cont…
• All Tb patients and presumptive TB cases with unknown HIV
status
• All STI patients and their sexual partners with unknown HIV
status
• Children orphaned by AIDS
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Approaches of HIV Testing Services
Activity 1.6: Group discussion
Instruction:
Be in group of 5 people
Discuss the below question in your group
and share your response to the larger group
orally
Discussion Question:
1.6.1. What are HIV testing approaches?
Time: 10 min (5 min for discussion and 5 min
for response)
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Approaches Cont…
Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC)
Index case testing including partner notification services
Client Initiated: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT)
Social Network based HIV testing (SNS)
Compulsory & Mandatory HIV Testing
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Approaches Cont…
HIV self-testing (HIVST)
An innovative approach to deliver HIV testing services and
contribute more for case finding efforts.
Offered as an additional approach to HIV testing services.
Categorized in to.
o Directly assisted HIVST
o Unassisted HIVST
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Chapter: Summery
What is the epidemic Status of HIV in Ethiopia?
What are the modes of HIV transmissions?
What are HIV prevention methods?
List targeted groups for HIV Testing Services at point of care
testing
What are the approaches of HIV Testing Services?
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References
• National Guidelines For Comprehensive HIV Prevention, Care And
Treatment 2022.
• Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment,
service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public
health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
• Web Annex I. In vitro diagnostics for HIV diagnosis. In:
Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services, 2019. Geneva:
World Health Organization; 2020.
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Ministry of Health-Ethiopia
Thank You!!
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