Lesson 1.
Big Bang Theory
explain the origin of
1 the universe
according to the big
bang theory;
identify different
At the end proponents and
of the 2 evidences that support
lesson, you the big bang theory;
should be and
able to: enumerate the
3 negative implications
of the big bang
theory.
Big Bang Theory
• The big bang theory is cosmological model that
explains how the universe began.
• It suggests that the universe started its expansion
about 13.8 billion years ago.
• The concept of big bang as not a literal explosion of
something leading to the creation of the universe.
Big Bang Theory and the Bread-Raisin
Model
• The bread represents
the universe; while
raisins are galaxies.
• The galaxies,
represented by dots,
are not expanding.
The raisin-bread model of expanding universe
• Distances in relation to other galaxies just increases
because of the expanding universe.
In the big bang theory, matter dilutes as the universe
expands.
“Singularity”
• The universe started as a “
singularity” - an area
predicted to be in the core of
a black hole with very high
temperature and density.
• The intense heat resulted to
formation of matter and
antimatter particles that were
destroyed every time they
An expanding universe and the
collided with each other. concept of singularity.
“Nucleosynthesis”
• Nucleosynthesisis the
formation of elements,
such as H and He.
Presence of these
elements led to the
formation of stars and
galaxies. The presence of Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He)
stars led to the formation
of other cosmic bodies
such as planets, comets,
Evidences that Support the Big Bang
Theory
• The expansion of the universe is supported by
the observation that galaxies are receding from
us.
• The high amount of light elements like H, He
and Li. These elements were formed through the
fusion of protons and neutrons immediately after
the Big Bang.
• The detection of the cosmic microwave
background (CMB) radiation which is the
Proponents of the Big Bang Theory
• Georges Henri Joseph
Edouard Lemaître was the
first proponent of the theory.
He suggested the idea of the
expanding universe
• Edwin Powell Hubble who
established the Hubble’s law
Georges H.J. which provided an evidence
Lemaitre that the universe was not static Edwin Powell
Hubble
but expanding.
Proponents of the Big Bang Theory
• Arno Penzias and Robert
Wilson discovered that
microwaves with
wavelengths of about 7
centimeters were present
in space.
Arno Penzias
• These waves were referred Robert Wilson
to as the cosmic
microwave background
The Hubble’s Law:
Based on the graph,
what is the relationship
between the recession
velocity (based on
emitted spectral light of
nebulae) and the
distance of a galaxy
from Earth?
Hubble’s Law
Drawbacks of the Big Bang Theory
• It failed to explain how the universe was created.
• It just explains how it evolve and not where it
originated.
• It also failed to explain how the galaxies formed.
Big bang theory suggests that the universe
started as a “singularity” - an area predicted to
1
be in the core of a black hole with very high
temperature and density.
Proponents of the idea of an expanding
2
2 universe are Georges Henri Joseph
Edouard Lemaître,
Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias and
Robert Wilson.
13 Hubble’s law states that the relationship of
the velocities of distant objects in the
universe is directly proportional to their
2 distance from Earth.
The big bang theory failed to explain how
4
the universe was created.
2
Identify the proponent of the theory that explains
the following statements.
1. The the universe originated in an explosive act of primeval
atom or the ‘cosmic egg’.
2. Microwaves with wavelengths of about 7 centimeters that were
present in space
3. The cosmic rays were “ashes and smoke of bright but very
rapid fireworks,” and they originated when the primeval atom
disintegrated.
4. The relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the
universe is in proportion to their distance from Earth.
5. The amount of redshift is proportional to the distance of the
How will you explain the big bang theory by
relating it to mass, volume, and density?
Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany:
Springer Science & Business Media.
John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our
Solar System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the Big Bang, Singapore:
World Scientific.
J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html
D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,
2017http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html
● Slide 6: This file, Universe expansion.png by Fredrik, is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via
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● Slide 9: This file, Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_(cropped).JPG by
Johan Hagemeyer, is in the public domain via Wikimedia Commons.
● Slide 10: This file, Arno Penzias by Kartik J, is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-
Share Alike 2.5 Generic via Wikimedia Commons.
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