WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Electro-Mechanical Engineering
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Compiled by Dagim Asegid (M.Sc. MEng.), Oct. 2023
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Introduction to CIM
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Manufacturing of a product
Mass customization requires extremely high flexibility in the manufacturing system.
To be competitive in the world wide Manufacturing industries strive to
Reduce the cost of the product
Improve the quality and performance levels
On time delivery
CIM has several software tools to address the above needs.
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Challenges in Manufacturing
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Increase flexibility in manufacturing to achieve immediate and rapid response to:
Product changes
Process change
Equipment change
Change of personnel
CIM technology is an enabling technology to meet the above challenges to the
manufacturing.
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Basic Definition
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM):-is the use of computer systems to
Design the products
Plan the production
Control the operations, and
Perform the various business-related functions needed in a manufacturing
firm.
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Computer Aided Design (CAD): involves the use of computers to create design drawings
and product models.
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM): the use of a computer to generate the data
required to configure a production process, for example the parameters needed to set up NC
machines and robots.
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The Benefits of CIM
Improved competitiveness
Faster customer service
Lower total cost
Improve quality
Greater long term profitability
Shorter time to market with new product
Increase manufacturing productivity
Shorter flow time
Decrease work in process inventory
Reduces inventory levels
Improved schedule performance
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Basic Elements of CIM
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Marketing
Identifies customer need for a product and estimates the manufacturing costs.
Specification of a product,
Quantities and
Strategy for marketing the product is decided by this department.
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Product Design
Establishes the initial database for production of a proposed product.
Based on product requirements and creativity of the designer:
Geometric modeling and
Computer aided design for a product is designed.
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Product Design
The design process is constrained by the:
Costs
Available production equipment
Processes
The design process creates the database required to manufacture the part.
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Planning
Takes the database established by the design department and enriches it with production data
and information to produce a plan for the production of the product.
Involves several subsystems dealing with
materials,
facility, process, tools,
manpower, capacity,
scheduling,
assembly, inspection, logistics etc.
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Planning
In a CIM system, this planning process should be constrained by the
production costs
production equipment and
process capability, in order to generate an optimized plan.
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Purchase
Responsible for:
placing the purchase orders and
follow up, ensure quality in the production process of the vendor,
arrange for inspection and supply
Arrange timely delivery
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Manufacturing Engineering
Is the activity of carrying out the production of the product.
Responsible for:
CNC programming,
simulation and
computer aided scheduling of the production activity
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Factory Automation Hardware
Consists of:
CNC, FMS,
computer controlled robots,
material handling systems,
computer controlled assembly systems,
flexibly automated inspection systems and so on.
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Warehousing
Involves with storage and retrieval of:
raw materials,
components,
finished goods as well as
shipment of items.
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Finance
Deals with the resources pertaining to money.
Planning of investment, working capital, and cash flow control, realization of receipts,
accounting and allocation of funds are the major tasks of the finance departments.
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Information Management
Involves:
master production scheduling,
database management,
communication,
manufacturing systems integration and
management information systems.
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Skills Required for Using CIM
Good understanding of the process involved.
Ability to describe and define different computer integrated models.
Ability to develop different solutions for same problem.
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Roles of Computers in Manufacturing (CAD/CAM/CAPP)
1. CAD (computer aided design )
CAD is a process that uses computers to assist in the:
creation,
modification,
analysis, or
optimization of a product design.
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Roles of Computers in Manufacturing (CAD/CAM/CAPP)
1. CAD (computer aided design )
Typical design activities involving a CAD system are preliminary;
design,
drafting,
modeling and
simulation.
CAD system functions can be grouped in to three categories, which are : geometric modeling,
engineering analysis and automated drafting.
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Roles of Computers in Manufacturing (CAD/CAM/CAPP)
1. CAD (computer aided design )
CAD system functions can be grouped in to three categories, which are :
geometric modeling,
engineering analysis and
automated drafting.
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Basic components of CAD system are the:
hard ware,
application software and
operating system software.
Figure : Basic components of CAD
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CAD packages are :-
Auto-CAD,
Pro-Engineer,
Solid-Works,
Uni-graphics,
CATIA, Others…..
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2. (CAPP) Computer Aided Process Planning
Traditional Process planning can be defined as the systematic determination of the detailed
methods by which work-pieces or parts can be manufactured economically and competitively
from initial stages (raw material form) to finished stages (desired form).
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The Inputs to Process Planning The output of process planning is the
Design data, process plan.
Raw material data, process plan sheet,
Facilities data (machining data, tooling operation sheet,
data, fixture data, etc.), planning sheet,
Quality requirements data, and route plan, and
Production type data Part programming
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Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP):- can be defined as the functions which use
computers to assist the work of process planners.
CAPP a key factor in CAD/CAM integration because it is the link between CAD and CAM.
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Tasks of CAPP
The first task is selection of raw materials.
Based on the designed part , it determines the attributes of the raw workpiece, such as
shape,
size and
materials.
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The second task is determining
manufacturing operations and their sequences,
selecting machine tools, selecting tools, fixtures and
inspection equipment's.
The third task is determining manufacturing conditions and manufacturing times and this
condition will be used in optimizing manufacturing cost.
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The third task is determining
manufacturing conditions and
manufacturing times and this condition will be used in optimizing
manufacturing cost.
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Advantages of CAPP
It can reduce the skill required of a planner.
It can reduce the process planning time.
It can reduce both process planning and manufacturing cost.
It can create more consistent plans.
It can produce more accurate plans.
It can increase productivity.
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3. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
CAM refers to the use of computers in converting engineering designs in to finished
products.
In CAM, computer assist managers, manufacturing engineers and production workers by
automating many production tasks.
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3. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computers help to develop
process plans,
order and track materials, and
monitor production schedules.
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Before the NC code for numerical control machine centers can be generated, a number of
parameters regarding:
machine tool specification,
performance, computer numerical control system behavior and
coding format should be determined first.
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According to the above parameters;
geometric dimensions,
designed part specification,
manufacturing method and
operations will be selected.
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Part dimension, tool motion track, cutting parameter and numerical control instruction are
generated in a program file which is called NC program that is used by the machine tool to
process automatically.
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Individual Assignment 1
1. Explain Computer-aided quality Assurance including online and off line inspections.
2. Explain about Data base management and computer networking including network topologies
in Computer Integrated Manufacturing.
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End Of Chapter One
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