CHAPTER -
6 Contents
ACTUATORS
6.1Definition
6.2 Types of Actuators
6.3Hydraulic & Pneumatics
6.4 Mechanical
6.5 Electrical
6.5 Applications
2.1 Definition
Actuators are the muscle behind a Mechatronics system
that accepts a control command and produces a change in the
physical system by generating force, motion (displacement
and velocity), heat, flow, etc.
An actuator is also a transducer because it changes one
type of physical quantity into some alternative form
Definition…
Actuation system- elements of control system
responsible
for transformation of output of a microprocessor into a
controlling action on machine or device.
Electrical o/p of controller transforms into linear motion
of a load.
Electrical o/p of controller transforms into an action which
controls the amount of liquid passing along a pipe
2.2 Types of Actuators
Actuation systems can be classified in to three
categories:
Hydraulic and pneumatic actuation system
Mechanical actuation system
Electrical actuation system
2.3 Hydraulic and pneumatic actuation system
WHAT IS FLUID POWER???
It is the technology that deals with the generation, control &
transmission of power using pressurized fluids
• It is used to push, pull, regulate or drives virtually all
machines
• F.P. equipment ranges in size from huge presses to
miniature digital components while the fluids may range
from superheated steam to liquid Nitrogen
What is then Hydraulics?
Fluid based system using liquids as
transmission media are called Hydraulic
systems ( Hydra for water & aulous for a
pipe)
Gas based system are called Pneumatic
systems( Pneumn for wind or breath)
2.3.1 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM: COMPONENTS
1.Storage Tank
2. Power supply
-Electric motor
-I. C. engine
- Pump
Con’t….
3. Power control section
Directional control valves
Pressure control valves
Process control valves
4.Drive section
Executes various working movements of machine or manufacturing
system
Energy contained in the hydraulic fluid is used for the execution of
movements or generation of forces which is achieved using following
components
- cylinders
- motors
2.3.2 WHAT IS A PUMP?
Device for converting mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy
Heart of the hydraulic system as it generates the
force necessary to move the load
Main purpose is to create the flow of oil through
the system which in turn assists transfer of power
& motion
Does not develop pressure
Generally driven at constant speed by 3 phase AC
induction motor
Mechanical action creates partial vacuum at pump
inlet
Atmospheric pressure forces the fluid through the
inlet line into the pump
Pump pushes the fluid into the hydraulic system
2.3.3 Pneumatics
Pneumatic systems similar to hydraulic systems
Use compressed air as working fluid rather than hydraulic
liquid 70psi - 150psi, much lower than hydraulic system
pressures, much lower forces than hydraulic actuators
Energy can be stored in high pressure tanks
Open systems, always processing new air
2.3.4 Power Control
Types of Valves
Con’t
Directional Control Valves
Poppet Valves →
Cylinders
Hydraulic /Pneumatic cylinders are actuation
devices that utilize pressurized fluid to produce
linear motion and force.
Hydraulic/Pneumatic cylinders are used in a
variety of power transfer applications.
Operating specifications, configuration or
mounting, materials of construction, and features
are all important parameters to consider when
searching for hydraulic cylinders.
Cylinder Specifications:
Important operating specifications for cylinders include:
– The cylinder type
– Stroke
– Maximum operating pressure
– Bore diameter
– Rod diameter
Stroke
– Stroke is the distance that the piston travels through the cylinder. Cylinders can
have a variety of stroke lengths, from few millimeter to meters.
Maximum operating pressure
– The maximum operating pressure is the maximum working pressure the cylinder
can sustain.
Bore diameter
– The bore diameter refers to the diameter at the cylinder bore
Rod diameter
– The rod diameter refers to the diameter of the rod or piston used in the cylinder
Cylinder Type
As we know, cylinders cause linear action from
pressure pushing against piston in a cylinder.
There are two common types of cylinders:
Single acting: Fluid may only enter the cylinder from one
side, therefore can only push the cylinder in one direction.
Springs are commonly used to return the cylinder to the
original form when the pressure is leased.
Double acting: Fluid may enter the cylinder from either
side of the piston, allowing control to move the piston
under pressure in either direction.
Cylinder Sequencing
Exercise
Thank You
Ver y Much
