Error Detection and Correction Code
• Error detection and correction code plays an
important role in the transmission of data from
one source to another.
• The noise also gets added into the data when it
transmits from one system to another, which
causes errors in the received binary data at
other systems.
• The bits of the data may change (either 0 to 1
or 1 to 0) during transmission.
• It is impossible to avoid the interference of
noise, but it is possible to get back the original
data.
• For this purpose, we first need to detect either
an error is present or not using error detection
codes.
• If the error is present in the code, then we will
correct it with the help of error correction
codes.
Error detection code
• The error detection codes are the code used for
detecting the error in the received data bit stream.
• In these codes, some bits are included appended to
the original bit stream.
• Error detecting codes encode the message before
sending it over the noisy channels.
• The encoding scheme is performed in such a way
that the decoder at the receiving can find the errors
easily in the receiving data with a higher chance of
success.
Parity Code
• In parity code, we add one parity bit either to
the right of the LSB or left to the MSB to the
original bit stream. On the basis of the type of
parity being chosen, two types of parity codes
are possible, i.e., even parity code and odd
parity code.
• Error detection technique: Parity check ,
Checksum, CRC
Features of Error detection codes
• These codes are used when we use message backward error
correction techniques for reliable data transmission.
• A feedback message is sent by the receiver to inform the
sender whether the message is received without any error
or not at the receiver side. If the message contains errors,
the sender retransmits the message.
• In error detection codes, in fixed-size blocks of bits, the
message is contained. In this, the redundant bits are added
for correcting and detecting errors.
• These codes involve checking of the error. No matter how
many error bits are there and the type of error.
Error correction code
• Error correction codes are generated by using
the specific algorithm used for removing and
detecting errors from the message transmitted
over the noisy channels.
• The error-correcting codes find the correct
number of corrupted bits and their positions in
the message.
• There are two types of ECCs(Error Correction
Codes): Block codes , Convolutional codes
Block codes:
• In block codes, in fixed-size blocks of bits, the message
is contained. In this, the redundant bits are added for
correcting and detecting errors.
• hamming code technique
Convolutional codes
• The message consists of data streams of random length,
and parity symbols are generated by the sliding
application of the Boolean function to the data stream.
• Binary Convolutional Codes
Hamming code
• Hamming code is an example of a block code.
The two simultaneous bit errors are detected,
and single-bit errors are corrected by this code.
• In the hamming coding mechanism, the sender
encodes the message by adding the unessential
bits in the data.
• These bits are added to the specific position in
the message because they are the extra bits for
correction.
