CIRCLES

A circle is a closed curve

consisting of all points
in a plane which are at the
same distance
(equidistant)
CIRCLE
from a fixed point inside it.
Cent O This fixed point
er (equidistant) inside a
circle is called center.

A circle has one and only

one center.
 O Cente
u s r
d i
a
R
a point on the circle
M
A line segment that joins any point on the circle to its center is called a radius.
 N
CenterO

us
i M
ad
R
K
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L
Radii ( plural of radius) of a circle are equal in length.
Infinite number of radius can be drawn in a circle.
 A

O Cente A circle
r
Diameter
AB

B
A line segment that joins any two points on the circle and passes through its
center is called a diameter.
The length of the diameter of a circle is twice the length of its radius.
 A is a point on the
circle
A B is another point on
A line segmen
Chord t that joins B the circle
point A and B
A line segment
that joins any
two points on
O
the circle
is called a
chord.
 M N
Chord MN
G

Ch OCenter
or
d
GH
K
L
Chord KL
H

Infinite number of chords can be drawn in a circle.

 C
K KC
Secant KC line that contains a chord

O
Secant line is a line
Center that intersects the
circle at any two point
on the circle
 K

point of O
tangency Center
C

It is a line that intersects the circle at exactly one point on the circle.
This point is called point of tangency.
Identify the parts of the circle
 K L

O
Center

An arc is the distance between any two points on the

circumference of a circle.
 Naming an arc X
⏜
K 𝐾 𝑋𝐿 L

O
Center

An arc is named by two or three points, of which two are the end points of the
arc and the third one lies in between them.
 X
Minor Arc
K L

O
Center

Major Arc

An arc divides the circle into two parts: Y

the smaller arc is called the minor arc, the larger one is called the major ar
 S
Semicircle

Diameter
D E
O
Centre

Semicircle
R

Half of a circle is called a semicircle. A semicircle is also an arc of the circle.

Types of Arcs
 M
• Major arc
- the measure is more than 180 °
Example:
• Minor arc
- the measure is less than 180 ° P
Example:
• Semicircle
- the measure is equal to 180 °
O
Example:
N
 Identify the following:

19.

20.

18. Semicircle = ______________ 21.

Types of Angles
 Central angle
- is an angle whose vertex is the 
center of the circle.

Inscribed angle
- is an angle whose vertex is one of
 the points on the circle.
Measure of Arcs &
Angles
 In a circle, the measure of the central angle is
always equal to the measure of its intercepted
arc.
n°
x=n
m ∠ ABC = m C
A
If ∠ABC is 80°, what is the x°
measure of ?

= 80° B
EXAMPLE: In the diagram below, if the m ∠XYZ is
68°, find the measure of a.) minor arc and b.)
SOLUTION: major arc.
x
a. measure of minor arc
m ∠XYZ = m (since ∠XYZ is a central 68°
angle)
= 68°

b. measure of major arc y 68°

major arc = 360° – m (minor arc)
= 360° – 68°
292°
m = 292° z
 The measure of inscribed angle is always equal to ½ the
measure of its intercepted arc.

n° C x = ½ n or 2x = n
m ∠ABC = ½ (m
AC)
If ∠ABC is 35°, what is the
A measure of ?
AC = 70°
x°

B
 EXAMPLE: If the measure of the minor arc is 68°,
find the measure of the inscribe angle, ∠ABC.
SOLUTION:
Inscribed angle = ½ (intercepted arc)
A ∠ABC = ½ (68°)

∠ ABC=

34° B 34°

68° C
 Examine the diagram and solve
PROBLEM: If ∠BAC is 48°, solve for central angle
∠BDC.
A Center of
the Circle
48 °
D
x
B C

this is
 If ∠CBD is 45° and is 76°, what is the measure of
(a) ? (b) ∠ADB?

= 90°

∠ADB = 38 °
1. If ACB is

AOB = 94°
1. If ACB is

ADB = 34°
3. If ∠CXA is 134°, what is the measure of (a) (b) (c) ∠CBA ?

= 134 °
= 360°- 134°= 226°

∠CBA = 113 °
X
134
° A
C