Ea r t h q u a k

&
e
Geotechnic
Engineeri
al
ng
Presented by: Sherene,Sheila,Zaira &
 Earthquake
Engineering:
Designing Structures
for Seismic Safety
“Protecting Lives and Infrastructure from
Earthquakes”
Earthquake Engineering
• Earthquake engineering is a branch of
civil engineering focused on designing
and constructing structures that can
withstand seismic activity.
• The primary goal is to minimize loss
of life and damage to buildings and
infrastructure.
 Why Earthquake
Engineering
is Important?
• Over 500,000 detectable
earthquakes occur globally each
year, and around 100 of them
cause signifi cant damage.
• Poorly designed structures are
vulnerable to collapse during an
earthquake, leading to massive
loss of life, injuries, and economic
devastation.
 Basic Seismology

Earthquakes: are Seismic waves: Magnitude and

Intensity: Magnitude
caused by the Primary (P-waves),
measures energy
sudden release of Secondary (S-
released, while
energy in the waves), and
intensity measures
surface waves
Earth's crust. the eff ects on people
(Love and and structures.
Rayleigh).
 Seismic Design
• StructuralPrinciples
Dynamics: Buildings are
designed to absorb and dissipate energy
during seismic events.
• Ductility: The ability of a structure to
undergo large deformations without failing.
• Redundancy: Multiple load paths to
distribute forces across the structure.
• Base Isolation: A technique where a
building’s base is separated from its
foundation to reduce shaking.
 Types of Earthquake-
Design Techniques
Resistant
• Shear Walls: Vertical walls that resist
lateral forces.
• Braced Frames: Diagonal braces help
resist lateral loads.
• Moment-Resisting Frames: Frames
designed to resist bending forces.
• Base Isolation Systems: Isolators
 Retrofi tting
Structures
Existing

Retrofi tting older Techniques include

buildings to bring adding shear walls,
them up to bracing systems, or
modern seismic using fi ber-reinforced
standards. polymers for
strengthening.
 Case Studies
Earthquake
of Engineering
1.Taipei 101 (Taiwan): Uses a tuned
mass damper to counteract building
sway.
2.Transamerica Pyramid (San
Francisco): Designed to sway
without sustaining damage.
3.The Yokohama Landmark Tower
 Challenges in
Earthquake Engineering
• Uncertainty in Predicting Earthquakes:
Diffi cult to know when and where
earthquakes will occur.
• Economic Constraints: Earthquake-
resistant buildings can be expensive,
and retrofi tting older buildings is costly.
• Rapid Urbanization: Developing
countries with rapid urbanization face
high risks due to lack of regulations and
 Conclusio
n
-Earthquake engineering is critical
protecting lives and property.
for

-Innovations in materials and

technology will continue to improve our
ability to design earthquake-resistant
structures.
- Retrofi tting and resilient designs are
essential for future urban planning
 Geotechnic
al
Engineering
“Understanding the Foundation of Civil
Engineering”
 What is
Engineering
Geotechnical
• A branch of civil? engineering that
focuses on the behavior of earth
materials (soil, rock).
• Essential for the design and
construction of foundations, slopes,
retaining walls, tunnels, and other
infrastructure.
 Why is Geotechnical
Engineering Important?
• Ensures the safety and stability
of structures.
• Helps prevent failures like
landslides, foundation collapse,
and soil liquefaction.
• Key to infrastructure projects
like roads, bridges, and dams.
 Key Disciplines
Geotechnical
in
sub- Engineering
disciplines:
• Soil Mechanics: Study of soil
properties and behavior under
diff erent conditions.
• Rock Mechanics: Focus on the strength
and stability of rock formations.
• Foundation Engineering: Design of
building foundations to ensure
stability.
 Soil
Mechanics
What is Soil
•Mechanics?
Study of soil properties including
permeability, compressibility, and
shear strength.
• Important in determining load-
bearing capacity and settlement.
• Types of Soil: Clay, silt, sand, gravel,
and loam.
• Tests: Atterberg limits, Proctor
compaction, permeability tests.
 Rock
Mechanics
What is Rock
Mechanics?
• Study of the mechanical
behavior of rock under
diff erent loading conditions.
• Involves understanding
fractures, faults, and rock
mass stability.
• Applications: Tunnel design,
 Foundation
Engineering
What is Foundation
Engineering?
• Involves designing safe and stable
foundations for structures.
• Types of Foundations:
-Shallow Foundations: Spread
footings and mat

foundations.
-Deep Foundations: Pile foundations
 Geotechnical Site
Investigation
Why is site investigation
important?
• Collecting data on soil, rock,
groundwater, and site-specific
conditions.
• Involves drilling, sampling, and
testing to assess suitability for
construction.
 Slope
Stability
What is Slope
Stability?
• Analysis of natural and man-made
slopes to ensure they won’t fail under
loading conditions.
• Failure Mechanisms: Landslides,
mudflows, rockfalls.
• Methods of Stabilization: Retaining
 Common
Geotechnical
Engineering
Challenges:
Problems
• Soil Liquefaction: When soil behaves like a
liquid during an earthquake.
• Erosion: Loss of soil due to water or wind.
• Sinkholes: Collapse of the ground caused by
underground voids or erosion.
• Foundation Settlement: Uneven sinking of a
building’s foundation.
 Case Study:
Geotechnical
Engineering in Action

-Example Project: (Choose

a notable project, e.g.,
the foundations of the
Burj Khalifa or the Panama
Canal)
 Conclusio
Summary:
n is fundamental to
• Geotechnical Engineering
the safety and success of infrastructure
projects.
• Involves the study of soil, rock, and
subsurface conditions to design stable
structures.
Final Thought:
tH A N
YKO U
!!
Presented by: Sherene Jave
Agustin
Sheila Marie
Benito