Energy

Sources
OBJECTIVES
1. D ESCRIBE HOW ENERGY IS HARNESSED FROM
DIFFERENT SOURCES: (A) FOSSIL FUELS, (B) BIOGAS, (C)
GEOTHERMAL, (D) HYDROTHERMAL, (E) BATTERIES, (F)
SOLAR CELLS, AND (G) BIOMASS.
2. IDENTIFY THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
EACH ENERGY SOURCES
3. EXPRESS AWARENESS ON THE CONSERVATION OF OUR
ENERGY SOURCES
 What I Know
1. Which source of energy is obtained from animal manure that
produces methane needed to generate heat and electricity?
a. geothermal c. biomass
b. hydrothermal d. biogas
2. Which is not an advantage of using Geothermal energy?
a. inexpensive c. environment-friendly
b. clean d. sustainable
3. W h a t d o y o u call the gas mixture produced b y biogas w h e n
bacteria decompose the manure?
a. m ethane c. CO 2
b. hexane d. LPG
4. Which converts electricity from chemical potential energy for storage
and back into electrical energy?
a. b atteries c. dams
b. solar cells d. geothermal
5. W h a t is the m a i n p r o b l e m i n using fossil fuels?
a. p ollution c. limitless
b. geographical difference d. c l e a n a n d s u s t a i n a b l e
6. W h i c h is not a reason w h y batteries are not b e e n fully integrated in the
p o w e r s y s t em ?
a. p er f o r man ce iss ue c. regulatory barrier
b. safety issue d. odor pollution
7. W h e r e are solar cells no t bei ng us ed?
a. providing electricity c. providing hotwater
b. run n i n g m o w e r d. p o w e ring spaceships
8. W h i c h is produced f r o m organic material like plants a n d trees a n d is us ed
for heating, coo ki ng , a n d fuel?
a. b iogas c. solar cells
b. b i o m a s s d. batteries
9. Which of the following is a fossil
fuel? c. solar
a. wind
b. coal d. b i o m a s s
10. All of the following are renewable energy source, E XC E P T:
a. solar c. b i o m a s s
b. geothermal d. n a t u r a l g a s
 Energy Sources

In contemporary times, energy sources primarily refer to the

wide variety of fuels used for either heating, generation of
electricity, or any other energy conversion processes.

Yo u m a y h a v e e v e n learned in y o u r previous grades that

there are several forms of energy. There is one that comes from
falling or moving water. Tw o others rely o n the heat coming from
the sun and in the internal heat of the Earth. Indeed, many forms of
energy exist.
 What’s In

Classify whether the following is either renewable or

nonrenewable.
Write R E if it is renewable a n d N R E if it is nonrenewable.
1. Geothermal 6. Biogas
2. Natural gas 7. Solar
3. Hydropower 8. Ordinary batteries
4. Coal 9. Biomass
5. Oil 10. Wind
 What’s N e w
H a v e y o u once imagined being the President of our country? Try the activity
below and let us see h o w well can you m anage such problem.

Direction: Using the information a nd the template below, answer the activity
using 4 -6 sentences. Write your response in your a nswe r sheet.

Topic: Demands on Energy Source

Problem: Like many countries in the world, the Philippines confronts
compound challenges of exponential population growth and rising energy
demands. If you are the President of the country, how would you solve the
problem?

If I were the president of the Philippines,……………………………………

 W h a t is it

Th e r e are m a n y fo rms of energy that exist. T h e s e energy

sources c a n b e classified into renewable and nonrenewable.
Renewable energy sources are replenished naturally over a short
time. On the other hand, a nonrenewable energy source will run out
of supply once consumed because they are only present in limited
amounts.
But, h o w can w e actually harness energy from these sources?
To answer this question, keep reading!
 A. Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels a re th e g e n e r a l t e r m
used to refer to combustible products
of buried organic matter w h i c h
unde rwe nt partial decomposition
under extreme temperature and
pressure. These include coal, oil, and
natural gas. The components of fossil
fuels are heated a n d vaporized to
s t e a m w h i c h drives the turbines a n d
generates electricity.
Oil in th e f o r m o f g a soline is
u s e d as e ngin e fuel for vehicles a n d
in generators, l a w n m o w e r s , leaf
blowers, and small boat motors.
H e a t i n g a p p l i c a t i o n s u s e n a tu ra l g a s a n d c o a l . H o w e v e r, f ossi l fue l is k n o w n t o
pollute the environment. Its reservoir is limited and will last for 100 years.
B. Biogas
T h e source of this is a n i m a l
manure. W h e n bacteria decompose
ma n u r e anaerobically or without
oxygen into a gas mixture composed of
about 60 to 70 percent methane biogas
is obtained.

This is important i n generating

heat, hot water, or electricity. The leftover digested manure can be used as
fertilizer, b e d d i n g , m u l c h , a n d potting soil. B i o g a s e n a b le s f a r m e r s to p r o d u c e
their o w n electricity a n d reduce w a t e r contamination, o d o r pollution, a n d
global w a r m i n g emissions caused by animal waste.
C. Geothermal
G e o t h e r m a l e n e rg y is the e n e rg y
harnessed f r o m beneath the earth. There is
a high temperature inside the earth’s crust
caused b y the slow delay of radioactive
particles. G r o u n d w ater will b e heated u p
b y t h e h o t r o c k w h i c h w i l l late r p r o d u c e
steam. T h e ste a m m o v e s turbines. The
rotating turbines r u n the generators.

It is clean, sustainable , a n d
environment- friendly. T h e problem with this is it can only be produced at selected
sites worldwide. The largest group of geothermal p ower plants in the world is located at
T h e Geysers, a geothermal field in California, Unite d States. In the Philippines, s o m e
ge othe rm a l p o w e r plants include Ma kiling -B a n a h a w ( M a k B a n ) G e o th e r m a l Power
Plant in Laguna, Leyte Geothermal Power Plant in Leyte, and Tiwi Geothermal Power plant
in Tiwi, Albay.
D. Hydrothermal

Hydrothermal energy refers to the

heat obtained from hot water from
hydrothermal vents or seawater in contact
with hot rock beds. Hot water from
hydrothermal vents is collected into a heat
exchanger. Th e heat from the water is
transferred to another fluid which
evaporates and drives the turbines to
generate electricity.
E. Batteries

Batteries are d e v i c e s that store a n d c o n v e r t

chemical energy into electrical energy. T h e energy
produced results from a chemical reaction; however,
they do not have carbon dioxide emissions.
W h e n it is c o n n e c t e d t o a n external circuit,
electrolytes m o v e within the battery, and the
chemical reactions are completed at the two
terminals of the battery. The movement of electrons
generates the current and sends electricity to the external circuit
For households, batteries can be used to provide back - u p p o w e r in case of
blackouts. Batteries are not considered as major energy supply
because of
performance a n d safety issues, regulatory barriers, the resistance of
utilities, a n d cost.
F. Solar Cells
These devices are made up of elemental
silicon. Photovoltaic cells or solar cells convert
sunlight into electricity. Light energy is
collected over panels. The collected energy can
b e s t o r e d i n batteries o r c a n b e dire c tly
converted to electrical energy.
S o l a r batteries p o w e r s p a c e s h i p s a n d
are used to provide electricity for weather
instrum ents i n r e m o t e areas. Large solar
panel fields are often u s e d in the desert to
c h a rg e s m a l l s u b s t a t i o n s , a n d m a n y h o m e s
u s e s o l a r s y s t e m s t o p r o v i d e f o r h o t w a t e r,
cooling and supplement their electricity. The problem with solar cells is only certain part of
the world get enough direct p o w e r of the s u n to generate usable p o w e r f r o m this
source be c a u se o f its geographical location. A s i d e f r o m that solar e n e rg y storage is
expensive, w e a t h e r d e p e n d e n t , a n d u s e s a lot o f s p a c e . S o l a r e n e r g y r e d u c e s e le c tric ity
b i lls a n d a renewable source of energy.
G. Biomass

This uses organic material

like crops, plants, trees, yard
clippings, wood chips, and animal
w a s te s a n d is c o m m o n l y u s e d
throughout the world. The
materials are burnt to generate
h e a t. T h e h e a t p r o d u c e d c a n b e
directly used to do daily chores
like cooking food and boiling
water. B y burning the biomass in
a boiler, the generated heat is used to produce steam w h ic h drives the
turbines to produce electricity. O n e of its issues is that it produces a large
a m o u n t of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This causes air pollution.
 What’s More
Complete the table by providing the necessary information.

Energy Source How energy is harnessed?

1. Fossil fuels
2. Biogas
3. Geothermal
4. Hydrothermal
5. Solar
6. Batteries
7. Biomass
 W h a t I H a v e Learned
Identify which energy source is described in each item.

1. This involves the conversion of sunlight into electrical

energy using mirrors and boilers or photovoltaic cells,
commonly seen on house roofs.
2. T h i s u s e s p i p e s b u r i e d a b o u t 1 m e t e r d e e p i n t h e earth.
Wa t e r is p u m p e d through the pipes to transfer the
heat indoors. a turbine inside a generator to produce electricity.
3 . T h i s i n v o l v e s t h e u s e o f n a t u r a l m a t e r i a l s l i k e t re e s a n d p l a n t s t o
m a k e electricity. It can also use waste products which produce
methane
4. This refers to the heat obtained from hot water from seawater in contact
with hot rock beds and produces electricity
5. T h e s e a re devices that store a n d convert chemical en ergy into
electrical energy. The energy produced results from a
chemical reaction.
 What I Can Do
1. Fossil fuels will face a shortage of supply in the next 50 years. H o w can this
affect the industries that depend o n fossil fuels? H o w can w e respond to this
crisis?

2. H o w wo u ld a c o m m u nity be affected by a geothermal resource, such as a

hot
spring n e a r t h e m ?

3. Hydroelectric p o w e r plants are distributed in different locations in the

Philippines. T h e m a j o r ity o f th e s e p o w e r plants a r e situa te d in th e
m o u n t a i n o u s re gions o f B e n g u e t a n d in areas o f M i n d a n a o . W h a t
d o y o u t h i n k a r e t h e f e a t u r e s o f t h e s e r e g i o n s that m a k e t h e m g o o d
lo c a t i o n s f o r hydroelectric power plants?
 Assessment

1. It is a n e n e rg y s o u r c e d e r i v e d f r o m t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f bact er i a i n a n i m a l
m a n u r e into a g a s m i xtur e c o m p o s e d of m e t h a n e g a s .
a. b i o m a s s c. geothermal
b. biogas d. batteries

2 . T h i s s o u r c e o f e n e r g y u s e s o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l l i k e c r o p s , p l a n t s , t r ees , y a r d
c l i p p i n g s , w o o d c h i p s , a n d a n i m a l w a s t e s a n d is h a r n e s s e d f o r h e a t i n g a n d
c o o k i n g in h o m e s a n d as a fuel in industrial p r o d u c t i o n .
a. b i o m a s s c. geotherma l
b. biogas d. batteries

3. W h i c h e n e r g y s o u r c e c o n v e r t s u n l i g h t i n t o electricity a n d is u s e d t o p o w e r
s p a c e s h i p s a n d p r o v i d e el ect r i ci t y f o r w e a t h e r i n s t r u m e n t , p r o v i d e f o r h o t
water, cooling and supplement electricity a n d is a renewable source of energy.
a. b atteries c. hydrot her m al
b. geothermal d. solar cells
 4. T h e s e c a n b e obtained f r o m natural gas, coal, a n d oil. T h e s e
s u p p l y p o w e r the industries, vehicles, generators, etc. T h i s s o u r c e
o f e n e rg y is k n o w n to pollute the environment.
a. h ydrothermal c. fossil fuels
b. geothermal d. Biomass

5. Which of the following explains how energy is harnessed from

fossil fuels?
a. Ho t water from hydrothermal vents is collected into a heat
exchanger. T h e he a t f r o m the w a t e r is transferred t o a nothe r fluid
w h i c h e v a p o ra te s a n d drives the turbines to generates electricity.
b. T h e components are heated and vaporized to steam
w h i c h d r i v e s t h e turbines a n d generate electricity.
c. T h e materials are burnt to generate heat.
d. W h e n it is c o n n e c te d to a n external circuit, electrolytes m o v e
with in the battery, a n d the c he mica l reactions are c o m p le te d at the
t w o terminals of th e ba ttery. T h e m o v e m e n t o f e le c tr o n s g e n e r a t e
t h e c u r r e n t a n d s e n d s electricity to the external circuit.
Identify the correct a nswer b y arranging the letters in the boxe s corresponding
the sources of energy.

1. Convert electricity for chemical potential energy for storage and back to electrical
energy
A E E B E T I R T

2. Pro d u c e d f r o m organic material a n d is u s e d for heating, c o o k in g , a n d as fuel in

industrial production

A I B S M S O

3. Provide power from natural gas, coal, and oil

S O F S L I S L E U F
4. Harness energy from sunlight and produce electricity

O L R A S E C SL L

5. It uses the heat from the water which is transferred to

another fluid and drives the turbines to generate
electricity.
Y L A H M R O H R T E D