DNA MODEL
BY FEYIFUNMI JAIYEOLA
WHAT IS DNA
• According to Wikipedia, DNA is Deoxyribonucleic
acid ( DNA) is a polymer composed of two
polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to
form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic
instructions for the development, functioning, growth
and reproduction of all known organisms and many
viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are
nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex
carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one
of the four major types of macromolecules that are
essential for all known forms of life.
Properties of DNA
• DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides.[6][7] The structure of DNA is dynamic along its length, being capable
of coiling into tight loops and other shapes.[8] In all species it is composed of two helical chains, bound to each other by hydrogen bonds
. Both chains are coiled around the same axis, and have the same pitch of 34 ångströms (3.4 nm). The pair of chains have a radius of
10 Å (1.0 nm).[9] According to another study, when measured in a different solution, the DNA chain measured 22–26 Å (2.2–2.6 nm)
wide, and one nucleotide unit measured 3.3 Å (0.33 nm) long.[10] The buoyant density of most DNA is 1.7g/cm 3.[11]
• DNA does not usually exist as a single strand, but instead as a pair of strands that are held tightly together. [9][12] These two long strands
coil around each other, in the shape of a double helix. The nucleotide contains both a segment of the backbone of the molecule (which
holds the chain together) and a nucleobase (which interacts with the other DNA strand in the helix). A nucleobase linked to a sugar is
called a nucleoside, and a base linked to a sugar and to one or more phosphate groups is called a nucleotide. A biopolymer comprising
multiple linked nucleotides (as in DNA) is called a polynucleotide.[13]
• The backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar groups.[14] The sugar in DNA is 2-deoxyribose, which is
a pentose (five-carbon) sugar. The sugars are joined by phosphate groups that form phosphodiester bonds between the third and fifth
carbon atoms of adjacent sugar rings. These are known as the 3′-end (three prime end), and 5′-end (five prime end) carbons, the prime
symbol being used to distinguish these carbon atoms from those of the base to which the deoxyribose forms a glycosidic bond.[12]
• Therefore, any DNA strand normally has one end at which there is a phosphate group attached to the 5 ′ carbon of a ribose (the 5 ′
phosphoryl) and another end at which there is a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3 ′ carbon of a ribose (the 3 ′ hydroxyl). The
orientation of the 3′ and 5′ carbons along the sugar-phosphate backbone confers directionality (sometimes called polarity) to each DNA
strand. In a nucleic acid double helix, the direction of the nucleotides in one strand is opposite to their direction in the other strand: the
strands are antiparallel. The asymmetric ends of DNA strands are said to have a directionality of five prime end (5 ′ ), and three prime
end (3′), with the 5′ end having a terminal phosphate group and the 3 ′ end a terminal hydroxyl group. One major difference between
DNA and RNA is the sugar, with the 2-deoxyribose in DNA being replaced by the related pentose sugar ribose in RNA.[12]
• A section of DNA. The bases lie horizontally between the two spiraling strands [15] (animated version).The DNA double helix is stabilized
primarily by two forces: hydrogen bonds between nucleotides and base-stacking interactions among aromatic nucleobases.[16] The four
bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These four bases are attached to the sugar-phosphate to
form the complete nucleotide, as shown for adenosine monophosphate. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine,
forming A-T and G-C base pairs.[17][18]
The model
• For the model I would be using the following
items
• Glue
• Straws
• Play Dough
• Yoghurt cover
THE PROJECT
• After doing the project it ended up like this :
For further information watch this
video by : the amoeba sisters
Reference
• Wikipedia
• Google
• Thank u for listening
