SOCIAL INDICATOR

THEIR DATA SOURCES & PROBLEMS

 What are Social Indicators ?
 Social indicators are metrics that measure
various aspects of social life and human
development . They provide valuable insights
into the overall well – being of individuals &
communities.
 Social indicators consist of selected indicators at
major stages from birth to death and include
families , education, employment, marriage,
interpersonal relationships, retirement, and sickness,
etc.
 Why important to know ?
 Identifying emerging trends & challenges , such as
decline in employment rate , high mortality rate etc.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of policies.
 Priortize policy goals – based on most pressing
needs of population.
 Allocate resource effectively – by knowing the area,
where resource needed the most.
 Foster public dialogue and engagement – help to
stimulate public discussion and engagement on
social issues.
 Functions of Social
 Providing a basis for information for decision – making,
Indicators
monitoring and searching for a common good and
deciding how to reach it.
 Phrased in such a way that they can be interpreted by the
general public.
 Show ‘Progress’ when social circumstances have really
change.

~ They allow societies to regularly observe the effects of

policies, economic condition & social programs, making
it possible to adjust strategies to improve social
outcomes.
 Several Social Indicators
1. Population size – Total number of individuals in a particular
region or a country.
It includes :
i. Sex Ratio (Male- female Ratio )- ratio of male to females in
population.
• As of 2012, the global sex ratio is approximately 1.01males
Sex ratio
to 1 female.
• Global population aged under 15 :- 26.3%
• Global population aged under 15-64 :- 65.9%
• Global population aged 65 or over :- 7.9%

49.65% 50.35%

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr

 POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS

TOP 6 NATIONS WITH LARGEST TOP 6 NATIONS WITH LARGEST

POPULATION IN 2022 POPULATIONS IN 2050
• CHINA – 1.43B • INDIA – 1.67B
• INDIA – 1.42B • CHINA – 1.32B
• REST OF WORLD – 1.07B • REST OF WORLD – 1.41B
• USA – 338M • USA – 375M
• INDONESIA – 276M • NIGERIA -375M
• PAKISTAN – 236M • PAKISTAN – 366M
• NIGERIA – 219M • INDONESIA – 317M

TOTAL WORLD POPULATION IN 2022 :- 8.0B

TOTAL WORLD POPULATION IN 2050 :- 9.7B
II. Health –
C
i. Life expectancy :- The average
l lifespan of someone born in that
o
country. s
e
ii. Birth rate :- the no. of babies born per thousand people per year.
f
iii. Infant mortality rate :- the
r no. of children who die before they
i
reach the age of one for every e thousand live births per year.
iv. Maternal mortality rate :-nd the no. of maternal deaths per 1lakh
Health Triangle
live births during a given periods
of time.
S
o Mental
c Stress
Social i Emotions
a
l Mindfulness
Learning
l Creativity
i
f Self-care
e
Exercise
R
Food
e
l Sleep
a Hydration
t Digestion Physical
i Alcohol use
o
n
s
v. Contraceptive prevalence :- % of women of reproductive
age (15-49 yrs.) using any method of contraceptive at a
given point in time.
Invest in family planning and reproductive health
Of these, 162 million women live
222million Women in developing countries have an in the world’s poorest countries.
unmet need for family planning.

Barriers To Impact of unmet need

Contraception
Unplanned Pregnancies –
Financial $ 80M
Spousal Approval Unplanned Births – 30M
Stockouts Abortions every year – 40M
Stigma
 Investing in family planning :-
• For every $1 spent on family planning, $6 is saved.
Investing
$8.1 billion
a year in Reduce
voluntary unintende Prevent Avert Reduce
family d 30% of 20% of unsafe
planning in pregnanci maternal newborn abortion
the es by more deaths. deaths. by 40% .
developing than 66%.
world
would….

{ As well as increase productivity for girls and women, develop a more

sustainable world, and positively affect population dynamics . }
III. HOUSING :-
• HOW many person per living in a house / room.
• Human settlement :- Population distribution in urban & rural areas.
• Water supply and Sanitation :- Provide safe drinking water & sanitation coverage by
urban & rural areas.
Cost of Drinking Water Across the Globe (cost for 1.5 L in Rs.)
New York – Rs. 209.58
Melbourne – Rs. 143.50
London – Rs. 123.51
Paris – Rs. 74.52
Delhi – Rs. 29.83
Dhaka – Rs. 23.06
Major concern is that , where do 8 billion people live of world ?
carrying capacity.pdf

IV. Education :-
i. Adult Literacy :- is the percentage of the adult population able to read &
write.
ii. Early childhood education :- this stage begins at birth & continues until
the start of primary school. It focuses on the physical, mental, & social
development of children.
iii. Secondary level education :- High school Education. It covers children
aged 12 to 18.
iv. Higher Education :- for students aged 19 to 24, where they study
advanced disciplines.
AS PER 2012 REPORT :-
India’s Literacy Rate is 74.04% . State with Highest Literacy Rate State with
Lowest Literacy Rate
Males - 82.14% Kerala :- 93.91% Bihar – 63.28%
Females – 65.46% Lakshadweep :- 92.28% Arunachal
Pradesh :- 66.95%
• THE Govt. of India launched the Beti Bachao, Beti padhao program in 2015 to promote
the education of girls.
V. Employment :-
i. Adult Employment :- the state of being employed or having a job. It is a paid mutual
work arrangement between a recruiter and an employee.
ii. Unemployment :- When a person is actively looking for a work but is unable to find a
job.
iii. Unemployment Rate :- is the % of labor force i.e. unemployed. It’s calculated by
dividing the no. of unemployed people by the total no. of people in the labor force.
iv. Gender Disparities in employment :- Women are paid less than men for the same
work, and are less likely to be promoted to high- level positions.
~ Sexual Harassment at a workplace, with women is also a form of gender
discrimination that can alter the terms and conditions of employment.
v. Work – Life Balance :- It is the equilibrium between professional responsibilities and
personal life activities.
~ It means allocating time and energy effectively to maintain both career demands &
personal interests.
~ Achieving this balance, ensures individuals do not become overly consumed by work,
helping to reduce stress and prevent burnout.
Social Indicators & their problems :-
i. Poverty Rate :- the ratio of the number of people ( in a given age gp.
) whose income falls below the poverty line .
~ There is a significant decline in multidimensional poverty in India
from 29.71% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23 i.e. is a reduction of
17.89% points.
~ Data source :- National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) collects
data on poverty in India.
~ Problems :- - Lack of access of basic needs like clean water, healthcare,
education & sanitation.
- Malnutrition
- Social discrimination
- Limited participation in decision making
- Homelessness
- Increased Disease
- Poor mental health
- low life expectancy, high mortality rates.
ii. Literacy Rate :- the ability to read , write with
comprehension in any language for people aged seven or
older.
~ In India(2011), the average literacy rate was 74.04%.
~ Data Sources :- World Bank’s collection of development indicators,
MoSPI( The Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation), Office of
the Registrar General of India(Min. of Home Affairs) has data on state –
wise literacy rates from 1951 to 2011.
~ Problem of low literacy rate :- - lead to low income generation , poorer
employment opportunities.
- Increase the risk of workplace accidents , longer recovery times.
- Difficulty in making informed decisions.
- economic impact ; not so strong financially.
- Mental health problems.
- Crime Rate increase with poor literacy.
Challenges on collection of data sources :-
- Data availability & quality :- Reliable data, time period.
- Cultural & historical context :- Interpreted within the
context of cultural & historical factors.
- Subjectivity :- Measures of QOL, Social cohesion , can be
subjective & difficult to quantify.
- Short term Vs. Long – term perspective :- Consider both
trends while analyzing.
By effectively utilizing social indicators , policymakers
can develop evidence based policies that address the
needs of their population and promote human well-being.
 Initiative by Govt. of India, to uplift the socio-economic life of poor people :-
11Cr. LPG
National Education policy for
connections
inclusive Education
7.2 Lakh provided under
km. roads PMUY
Clean Equipped
All- 5.6 Crore
constructed Cookin school &
Weather Liveliho households
since 2000 g Fuel teachers
Roads od offered
under
Security MGNREGS work
PMGSY
in FY23
13 lakh
candidates Skill Quality
trained under developme of life Food Free-of-cost food
DDU-GKY nt Security grains to more than
80 crore
beneficiaries under
Housin NFSA
2.1 Cr. Houses
2.9 Cr. Rural Affordable
Electricit QUALITY g for constructed under
households y All PMAY-G
Healthcar
electrified under e
Soubhagya 22cr. PM-JAY Beneficiaries
Thankyou for listening !!!