REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CABANATUAN CITY, NUEVA ECIJA

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION 1

MODULE 4
INSTRUCTOR: Engr. Derick Aldrin L. Esteban
SURVEYIN
G
Tape Corrections
Curvature and Refraction
Level Surveying
Traverse Surveying
Route Surveying
Volume Approximations
 TOO LONG

TAPE
CORRECTION

STANDARD

TOO SHORT
TAPE CORRECTION
𝑻𝑫 = 𝑴𝑫 ± 𝒆
Or:
When MEASURING: When MEASURING:
Too short: = True Distance
Too long: = Measured Distance

When LAYING OUT: When LAYING OUT:

Too short: = Distance to be laid out
Too long: = Distance on the tape
 SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 1

A surveyor using a tape that has

a certified length of 29.992m
measures the distance between
points A and B, 123.456m.
• What is the correct length of
the tape?
• What is the measurement
must an engineer layout if she
is using a tape that has a
certified length of 29.989m?
TAPE CORRECTION
TEMPERATURE CORRECTION PULL CORRECTION
(Added or Subtracted) (Added or Subtracted)

Where: Where:
TAPE CORRECTION
SAG CORRECTION NORMAL TENSION, P
(Subtracted)

Where: The pull to correct the sag.

TAPE CORRECTION
SLOPE CORRECTION MEAN SEA LEVEL
(Subtracted) CORRECTION

Where:
at M.S.L.

Where:

(use +h if above sea level; ―h if

below sea level)
 SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 2
A line is measured with the tape,
suspended on supports, under the pull of
150N and a mean temperature of 15°C.
The lengths of various spans and the
difference in level between two ends of
each span is given on the table. The tape is
standardized while being flat under a pull
of 100N at 20°C. Determine the correct
Check w=0.03kg/m, Pull is in N
length of the line measured.
SPAN LENGTH (m) DIFFERENCE IN LEVELS
(m)

1 49.895 +0.542

2 49.950 -0.458

3 49.835 +0.641

4 49.985 -0.695

Cross Sectional Area of the tape

Mass of the tape

Coefficient of Linear Expansion

Modulus of Elasticity
EFFECT OF
CURVATURE
AND
REFRACTIO
N
hr

hc

Where:
k = horizontal distance
in kilometers
SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 3
x
20―x

A man’s eyes 1.75 m above

sea level can barely see the
top of a lighthouse which is at
a certain distance away from
a man. What is the elevation
of the top of the lighthouse
above sea level if the
lighthouse is 20 km away
from the man?
SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 4
𝑩
𝑨 𝑪
Point A is between B and C. The
distances of points B and C from h𝑐𝑟 (𝐵) 1000 2000 h𝑐𝑟 (𝐶)
point A are 1000 m and 2000 m,
respectively. Measured from
point A, the angle of elevation of
point B is 18°30’ while that of C
is 8°15’. Compute the difference
in elevation of B and C
considering the effects of Earth’s
curvature and refraction.
 𝑥
𝑥
SAMPLE 7 20
8 00
600 𝑩
PROBLEM # 5 𝑨 𝑪
THREE-HILL PROBLEM

Two hills A and C have elevations of 600m

and 800m respectively. In between A and C
is another hill B which has an elevation of
720m and is located 12km from A and 10km
from C.
• Find the height to be reduced from hill B
so that station C will be visible from A.
• What height of the tower must be
constructed at C so that it could be visible
from A with the line of sight having a
clearance of 2m above hill B?
• What height of equal towers A and C that
could be constructed so that A, B, and C
will be intervisible with 2m clearance at
B?
DIFFERENTIAL
LEVELLING
𝑨

𝑨
SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 6
STA BS FS ELEV
The following shows a tabulated data of a
differential leveling notes: 1 5.87 SUBT ADD - 125.25
RACT
2 7.03 6.29 124.83
STA BS FS ELEV
3 3.48 6.25 125.61
1 5.87 - 125.25
4 7.25 7.08 122.01
2 7.03 6.29
5 10.19 5.57 123.69
3 3.48 6.25
6 9.29 4.45 129.43
4 7.25 7.08
7 - 4.94 133.78
5 10.19 5.57
6 9.29 4.45
7 - 4.94

Determine the elevation of STA. 7

TRAVERSE Departure
SURVEYING

L Latitude

DMD Method:
 Course Bearing Distance Departu Latitude
re
-122.6305 77.6736
1-2 N 57°39’ W 145.16 m
-76.7954 -289.9994
SAMPLE 2-3 - - 43.7193 -44.1025
PROBLEM # 7 3-4 S 44°45’ E 62.10 m
155.7066 256.4283
4-1 N 31°16’ E 300 m
A school has the following dimensions. Find
the cost of the lot if it cost ₱3.1M per
hectare.

Cours Bearing Distanc

e e
1-2 N 57°39’ W 145.16
m
2-3 - -
3-4 S 44°45’ E 62.10 m
4-1 N 31°16’ E 300 m
 DMD Rule 1: The first DMD is the departure of the first
course.
Rule 2: The next DMDs is equal to the preceding DMD +
Departure of the preceding course + DMD of the
SAMPLE course itself .
Rule 3: TheDepartu
DMD of the last course DMD
is equal to theDA
PROBLEM # 7 Departure of the
Course
re last course but in opposite sign.
Latitude
-122.6305 77.6736 -122.6305 -
A school has the following dimensions. Find 1-2
the cost of the lot if it cost ₱3.1M per -76.7954 -289.9994 -322.0564 9525.1524 93396.1627
hectare. 2-3 1
43.7193 7
-44.1025 -355.1325 15662.231
3-4
Cours Bearing Distanc 155.7066 256.4283 -155.7066 -08
e e 4-1 39927.5787
1-2 N 57°39’ W 145.16 4
m
2-3 - -
3-4 S 44°45’ E 62.10 m
4-1 N 31°16’ E 300 m
ROUTE
SURVEYING

Degree of Curve, D
ARC BASIS
- Each degree of the central angle subtends a
20m arc.

CHORD BASIS
- Each degree of the central angle subtends a
20m chord
SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 8
A simple curve has a
degree of 4°. The tangents
intersect at 36°. Determine
the following:
• Radius of the curve.
• Length of the curve.
• Length of the tangent.
• Length of the long chord.
 ROUTE
SURVEYING
COMPOUND CURVE
= Common Tangent
C = Long Chord of the curve
PCC = Point of Compound Curve

REVERSE CURVE
• Parallel Tangents, Equal Radii
• Parallel Tangents, Unequal
Radii
• Non-parallel Tangents, Equal
Radii
• Non-parallel Tangents, Unequal
Radii
ROUTE
SURVEYING

VERTICAL
(SYMMETRICAL
PARABOLIC) CURVES
SAMPLE
PROBLEM # 9

A vertical summit curve 𝒈 𝟐 − 𝒈𝟏

has its highest point of the ∆ 𝒈=
𝑳
curve at a distance of 48m
By similar triangles
from the PT. The back
tangent and forward
tangent has a grade of
+6% and -4%. Determine
the length of the vertical
summit curve in km.
EARTHWOR
KS

BORROW PIT
METHOD
SAMPLE
PROBLEM #
10
A 60m x 40m lot is divided
into six parts with 20m spacing
which is to be graded to form a
horizontal plane of elevation
10m. The elevation of the
ground surface at each corner
of each part are shown on the
table. Determine the volume SOLUTION 2:
that is to be excavated to level
the elevation.