ANATOMY OF

NOSEGUIDED BY : DR. SABER SHAIKH SIR

PRESENTED BY : BANKAR VAISHNNI
PRAKASH
 THE NOSE
• Nose is an organ of the body concerned with
breathing and olfaction.
• The nose consists of external nose and nasal
cavity.
• Both are divided by septum into right and left
halves.
 THE EXTERNAL NOSE
It is a skeletal framework formed partly by bones and
partly by cartilages.
• BONES
1. Nasal bones
2. Frontal process of maxilla
• CARTILAGES
1. Superior nasal cartilage
2. Inferior nasal cartilage
3. Septal cartilage
4. Some small cartilages
FEATURES RELATED TO EXTERNAL NOSE
1. Dorsum : The prominent ridge separating the right
and left halves of nose.
2. Root of the nose : The upper narrow end of the nose.
3. The lower end of the dorsum forms rounded tip.
4. At the lower end of the nose, there are right and left
nostrils/anterior nares.
5. Collumella : The two nostrils are seperated by a soft
median partition called the columella.
6. Ala : Each nostril is bounded laterally by the ala.
BLOOD SUPPLY
1. The skin of alae is supplied by lateral nasal and
septal branches of the facial artery.
2. Dorsum of the nose and lateral aspects are supplied
by :
Opthalmic Artery
Infraorbital branch of maxillary artery
VENOUS DRAINAGE
1. The veins of the dorsum and the lateral aspects drains
into the facial vein.
2. The veins from the root of the nose drains into
opthalmic veins.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
3. The lymph from most of the external nose drains into
the submandibular group of nodes.
4. The lymph from the root of nose drains into the
superficial parotid nodes.
NASAL CAVITY
• It extends from external nostrils to the posterior nasal
aperture.
• Each half of the nasal cavity is formed by :
1. A roof
2. A floor
3. Medial wall
4. Lateral wall.
Each half measures about 5 cm in height and 5-7 cm in
length.
The width near the floor is 1.5 cm and near the roof is
only 1- 2 mm.
THE ROOF OF NASAL CAVITY
- About 7 cm long and 2 mm wide
- Slopes downwards both in front and behind
It is formed by
1. Cribriform plate of the ethmoid
2. Nasal part of Frontal bone
3. Nasal bone
4. Nasal cartilages
5. Body of sphenoid bone
FLOOR OF THE NASAL CAVITY
• It is about 5 cm long and
1.5 cm wide.
• It is formed by :
- Palatine process of the
maxilla
- Horizontal plate of palatine
bone

It is concave from side to

side and slightly higher
anteriorly than posteriorly.
MEDIAL WALL
(NASAL SEPTUM)

- Median osteocartilaginous partition between two halves of

the nasal cavity.
- Covered by mucous membrane
Formation
1. Bony part : It is formed by vomer and perpendicular plate
of ethmoid.
2. Cartilaginous part : It is formed by septal cartilage and
septal processes of the inferior nasal cartilages.
3. Cuticular part : It is formed by fibrofatty tissue covered by
 PLACEMENT OF THE NASAL SEPTUM
• The nasal septum is rarely strictly median in position.
• It’s central part is usually deflected to one or the
either side.
• The deflection is produced by over growth of one or
more of constituent parts.
FEATURES
The septum has 4 border : superior, inferior, anterior,
posterior.
The septum has two surfaces : right and left.
 BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE SEPTUM

• Anterosuperior part : It is supplied by

- Anterior ethmoidal artery
- Superior labial branch of facial artery
• Posteroinferior part : It is supplied by Sphenopalatine artery.
VENOUS DRAINAGE
- Anteriorly into the facial vein
- Posteriorly through the sphenopalatine vein to the pterygoid venous
plexus

NERVE SUPPLY
- General sensory : Trigeminal nerve
- Special sensory : Olfactory nerve
CLINICAL ASPECT
1. The Little’s area is the commonest site of bleeding
from the nose called as epistaxis.
2. Pathological deviation of the nasal septum is called
D.N.S. (deviated nasal septum ) which is responsible
for repeated attacks of common cold, allergic
rhinitis, etc.
3. Correction of D.N.S. by surgery is called septoplasty.
LATERAL WALL

• The lateral wall of the nose is an irregular surface due to

presence of 3 bony projections called conchae OR terbinates.
FORMATION
Bony part : It is formed from before backwards by
a. Nasal bones
b. Frontal process of maxilla
Meri front PIC
c. Lacrimal bones lena
d. Labyrinth of ethmoid with superior and middle conchae.
e. Inferior nasal concha
f. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
g. Medial pterygoid plate
• Cartilaginous part : It is formed by
a. Upper nasal cartilage
b. Lower nasal cartilage
c. 3-4 small cartilages of ala.

• Cuticular part : It is formed by

a. Skin
b. Fibrofatty tisue
SUBDIVISION

• The lateral wall of the nose can be subdivided into three parts,
1. Vestibule : It is small depression in it’s anterior part which is
lined by modified skin containing short, stiff, curved hair
called vibrissae.
2. Antrium of middle meatus : Middle part
3. Posterior part : It contains conchae or turbinates and the
spaces separating the chonchae called meatuses.

• Lateral wall of the nose consists of

- 3 nasal chonchae
- 3 meatuses
NASAL CHONCHAE

• These are 3 irregular bony projections making lateral

wall of the nose irregular.
a. Inferior nasal concha (terbinate) : It is an
independent bone.
b. Middle nasal concha (terbinate) : It is a projection
from medial surface of ethmoidal labyrinth located
above the Inferior nasal concha.
c. Superior nasal concha (terbinate) : It is smallest
among three terbinates located above the middle
concha and it is a projection from medial surface of
ethmoidal labyrinth.
MEATUS OF THE NOSE
• These are passages beneath the overhanging conchae.
• Each meatus communicates freely with the nasal cavity
proper.
1. Inferior meatus :
- Lies beneath the overhanging Inferior concha
- Largest of the three meatus
- Shows opening of the nasolacrimal duct at the junction of its
anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3.
- Opening is guarded by the lacrimal fold or Hasner’s valve.
2. Middle meatus : It is underneath the middle concha and
shows following features,
a. Ethmoidal bulla
b. Hiatus semilunaris
c. Infundibulum
d. Opening of frontal air sinus
e. Opening of maxillary air sinus
f. Opening of middle ethmoidal air sinus
3. Superior meatus : It receives the opening of the posterior
ethmoidal air sinus.
SPHENO-ETHMOIDAL RECESS
• It is a triangular fossa just above the superior concha.
• It receives opening of sphenoidal air sinus.
ATRIUM OF MIDDLE MEATUS
- Shallow depression
- Just in front of the middle meatus and above the vestibule of
nose
- Limited above by a faint ridge of mucous membrane called
agger nasi which runs forwards and downwards from the
upper end of the anterior border of the middle concha.
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LATERAL WALL
1. Antererosuperior quadrant : Anterior ethmoidal artery
2. Anteroinferior quadrant : Facial artery, Greater palatine artery
3. Posterosuperior quadrant : Sphenopalatine artery
4. Posteroinferior quadrant : Greater palatine artery
VENOUS DRAINAGE
- The veins form a plexus which drains anteriorly into the facial
vein and posteriorly into the pharyngeal plexus of veins.
- The veins from the middle part drains into the pterygoid plexus of
veins.

NERVE SUPPLY
- General sensory : Trigeminal nerve
- Special sensory : Olfactory nerve
CLINICAL ASPECT
1. Rhinitis : Infection and inflammation of nasal cavity
is called rhinitis.
- It may be caused by virus (common cold) , bacteria
and by allergy.
- Infections from the nasal cavity can spread to
paranasal sinuses, middle ear, pharynx, larynx and
even to the anterior cranial fossa
- In allergic rhinitis, the nasal mucosa can undergo
hypertrophy resulting in chronic blockage.
- Allergic rhinitis is characterized by excessive sneezing
and running nose.
3. Variations in the structure of the lateral wall may
cause airway obstruction.
Some common variations are
- Oversized bulla
- Internally curved middle or Inferior conchae
- Presence of a concha bullosa (an air cell that may
occur within the concha itself)
Conchae may have to be existed to clear the air way.
THANK-YOU