Reading &

Thinking
Strategies:
Narration
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OBJECTIVE
Determine the structural elements of
a narrative, including its key
components and framework.
Appreciate the impact of narrative
elements on storytelling and reflect on
.

their personal engagement with the

text.
Construct and apply the appropriate narrative
Narration, from the root
word narrates, originated
from the Latin word
narrare— which means
related or told.
• It gives a written
account of an event or
story, or simply,
storytelling.
• The sequence of events
is told in chronological
The chronological ordering of
events helps to show the reader how
the story moves. Most of the common
first,
transitional words are
next, then, after and
suddenly. Moreover, it is also
important to give specific details in
The description of the details answers
the how, when, where, and why’s
questions.
A narrative must have “vivid”
description of details, a consistent point
of view and verb tense, and a well-
defined point or significance.” (Tiongson,
2016). To creates world based on the
writer’s imagination.
At the end of writing it, it must send a
A narrative paragraph
simply tells what happened
and establishes facts. It is
sharing of personal
experiences that offer lessons
and insights..
It also contains elements of
ELEMENT
S
Setting serves as
background of a story for it gives
the place and time elements. A
story links an incident or series of
incidents that take place
somewhere or some time.
Characters.
he life-giving element of the stor
Types:
• Protagonist
Definition: The main character of the story,
often the "hero" or the character the
audience roots for.
Role: Drives the plot forward and faces the
main conflict.
Example: Harry Potter in Harry Potter or
Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games.
Types:
• Antagonist
• Definition: The character (or force) that
opposes the protagonist. Often seen as the
"villain," but not always evil.
• Role: Creates obstacles or conflict for the
protagonist.
• Example: Voldemort in Harry Potter or the
Joker in The Dark Knight.
Types:
• Static (Flat) Character
• Definition: A character who does not change or
grow throughout the story. They stay the same
from beginning to end.
• Role: Often serves as a background or
supporting character.
• Example: Scar in The Lion King or Sherlock
Holmes in most classic stories.
Types:
• Dynamic Character
• Definition: A character who changes, learns, or
grows emotionally or morally during the story.
• Role: Their development is central to the plot.
• Example:Han Solo in the Star Wars films goes
from a cocky loner to someone who does feel
called to help with the rebellion and join the
fight between good and evil.
Types
•
:
Round Character
• Definition: A well-developed, complex
character with multiple sides to their
personality.
• Role: Feels real and relatable due to their depth
and inner conflicts.
• Example: Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby
Simba from "The Lion King", who matures from
a carefree cub to a responsible king.
Types:
• Foil
• Definition: A character who contrasts with
another (often the protagonist) to highlight
qualities in the other character.
• Role: Helps the audience better understand the
protagonist by comparison.
• Example: Draco Malfoy as a foil to Harry Potter.
Types:
• Antihero
• Definition: A main character who lacks typical
heroic qualities (like morality or courage).
• Role: They might do the right thing but in
questionable ways.
• Example: Deadpool in Deadpool or Walter
White in Breaking Bad.
Plot covers the series of
incidents that occurs in the
story. It becomes clear and
forceful if the narration
captures the interest and
enriches the imagination of
the readers.
The sequence of events can be categorized as
Linear : Events happen in chronological order,
helping the reader easily follow the plot. The
beginning, middle, and end are clearly defined.
Modular (Nonlinear) : The story is told out of
order, often through employing techniques like
flashbacks, flash-forwards, or multiple perspectiv
es
, shifts in perspective, or parallel plots. This
technique can create suspense or highlight
thematic connections..
Episodic : The story is divided into self-contained
Narrative Techniques:
Flashbacks and Flash-forwards: These
techniques can be used in modular
(nonlinear) narratives to reveal past or
future events, providing context or
foreshadowing.
Foreshadowing: Clues or hints are given
early in the narrative to hint at future
events, helping to build suspense.
Imagery: Descriptive language paints vivid
pictures for the reader, bringing the story
Conflict is a crucial element of any narrative. It
creates tension and drives the plot forward. It
elevates the reader’s emotion until it reaches
solution. It is the problem that needs to be
resolved. Conflict types include:
Internal Conflict (Person vs. Self): A
character struggles with their own emotions,
beliefs, or decisions.
External Conflict: The protagonist faces
challenges from outside forces, such as other
people (Person vs. Person), society (Person vs.
Society), nature (Person vs. Nature), technology
 THEME
This significant truth about life that a
story attempts to communicate to its
readers
Most important and least explicit. It
shows that reading narratives
entertains and gives us profitable
experiences.
Point of View. It is the perspective of the writer in
narrating the story.
First person point of view. The story is told by
the protagonist or one of the characters using
pronouns I , me we.
Second person point of view. The author tells the
story in second point of view using the pronouns
you , yours, and your.
Third person point of view. The narrator is not
part of the story but describes the events that
happen. The writer uses the pronouns he, she , him,
and her.
TIPS:
First, you should have a clear setting. The time
and place of the story must be specifically
mentioned.
Second, you should make impactful and clear
characters. They should be alive in your
imagination. It is there that they will capture
memories to tell when you are going to retell the
story. Third, you should link the events in an
orderly manner. The use of transitional devices is
a must to show the smooth flow of the story.
Fourth, you should use simple and precise
language. Lastly, you should use actual
Directions: Say TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if otherwise. And
correct the word/s that make it false.
1. Narration is giving and sharing
arguments.
2. The conflict in the story is the problem to
be solved.
3. The setting of the story is the time and
place.
Identify what element is being
describe in sentence.
1. It is the central truth or idea about
life.
2. It is the problem to be solved in
the story
3. It serves as background of a story.
4. They speak and act naturally.
 A BIRTHDAY SURPRISE
Ella loves music. Her favorite kind of
music is rock and roll. She is
constantly listening to music on her
radio, and her computer is always
playing music in her room. Her
birthday is coming up in a few weeks
and she really wants to see a concert
to celebrate it. She has been
“Ella, I am going to pick you up at
eight tomorrow night,” said Ezra.
“Great, I will be ready. What are we
doing?” asked Ella. “We are going
to your favorite restaurant and then
I have a surprise for you,” said
Ezra. “Great,” thought Ella, “The
surprise is probably a piece of
jewelry or something useless like
The following day, Ezra arrived at eight
to take Ella to dinner. They ate at her
favorite restaurant and as they were
paying the bill Ezra gave her an
envelope. “Go on, open it,” said Ezra.
“Okay, thank you so much,” replied
Ella. She opened the envelope and
found two front row tickets to her
favorite concert. “Oh wow! Ezra, what
a wonderful surprise!” she exclaimed.
They left the restaurant and
went to the concert. Ella was
so excited. They both had a
great time at the concert.
The band played all of her
favorite songs. Ella and Ezra
decided that it was the best
the working title “My Experiences During our New Year
Celebration ”. You can narrate what have you learned during
this time. What activity you’ve done? Remember to indicate
the needed elements; setting, character, plot, and theme.
Use transitional devices to link the events or experiences in
the story.
Remember that your narration will be graded according to
the following criteria.
Content (the essential elements in narration are
developed):----------10
Originality (personal experiences during their New year
celebration are shared)10
Organization (turn of events with the use of transitional
devices): --10