EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON

WORKABILITY AND MECHANICAL

BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING
CONCRETE WITH GGBS
Project Guided By Dr. M. John Paul
Submitted By
Abitha.F (960220103003)
Aswitha.M.S (960220103007)
Senbaga.R.A (960220103026)
Sowmiya.R (960220103032)
 CONTENT

 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
 MATERIALS USED
 OBJECTIVE
 METHODOLOGY
 MIX DESIGN
 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
 ABSTRA
CT  To analyze the Workability
and Mechanical behavior of
AIM self compacting concrete
with Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)
 The concrete that is able to
SELF flow , fill and compact the
formwork with its congested
COMPACTING reinforcement by its own
CONCRETE weight only, without
• No need to
changing itsvibration, Less
homogeneity.
noise level, Manpower and
MAIN construction time can be
ADVANTAGE reduced.
• Easy to fill and place with
S better finishing of concrete
 • Due to its pozzolanic nature, could
GGBS be a great asset for the modern
• construction
The dosage of needs
superplasticiser
(Polycarboxylate) was optimized by
SUPER PLASTICERS trial mix, which is 1.25% by weight of
cement.
• Replacing Ordinary Portland Cement
REPLACE (OPC) with GGBS

REPLACING RATIO 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%.

FLOW • Slump cone

CHARACTERIS • L box test
TICS
MECHANICAL • Compressive strength
BEHAVIOR
 INTRODUCTION

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a special concrete that can settle into the
heavily reinforced, deep and narrow sections by its own weight, and can
consolidate itself without necessitating internal or external vibration, and at the
same time maintaining its stability without leading to segregation and bleeding.

Characteristic offers numerous advantages such as improved construction

efficiency, enhanced durability, and reduced labour costs.

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is obtained by quenching molten

iron slag (a byproduct of iron and steel making) from a blast furnace in water or
steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground
into a fine powder.

Incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) into SCC has
emerged as a promising approach to further enhance its mechanical properties
and sustainability.
 LITERATURE
Journal
REVIEW
Author and Published year Review

Analysed the performance and The strength of GGBS concrete is

discussed the results of high and heat of hydration is low
partial replacement of cement Wang Ling et al. (2004) and it is resistance to chemical
using slag in various corrosion.
percentages (10% – 70%).

The effect of curing procedure on  The compressive strength

the cement mortar and concrete development of cement mortar
incorporating ground granulated Shariq et al. (2008) is calculated by the 20, 40 and
blast furnace slag compressive 60 percent replacement of
strength development GGBS for different types of
sand.
 Similarly, the strength
development of concrete is
investigated with 20, 40 and
60 percent replacement of
GGBFS on two grades of
concrete.
 Tests results show that the
incorporating 20% and 40%
 Journal Author and Published year Review

 Tested various properties of

concrete and found that the
compressive strength and
tensile strength of mortar
mixes with slag when
determined at the ages of 3,
7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 180 days
decreases at early ages of
curing (3 and 7 days).
 However, the rate of decrease
diminishes with the increasing
Analysed the performance age of curing. 40% of
and the effect of GGBS on fresh Moinul Islam et. al cement replacement is the
concrete and hardened concrete optimum use of slag in the
mortar because it has 19%
compressive strength and 25%
tensile strength when
compared to OPC mortar.
 He concluded that the use of
slag reduces the amount of
cement content in a mortar
mix as well as heat of
hydration which results in
 Journal Author and Published year Review

 Replaced cement with GGBS in

various percentages (0 – 80%) with
three different w/c ratios (0.35, 0.47
and 0.59) in his research and found
that the use of slag reduces the
strength of mortar at early age (3
days) but it enhances after 7 days.
 It was also found out that when the
specimens demoulded at the age
Analysed the performance of one day had significantly less
of concrete by replacing Chao-Lung Hwang and Chao-Yin strength as compared with those
cement with GGBS Lin demoulded at one and half days.
 Three different temperatures were
used during curing and specimens
cured under 500C have the best
results. He also concluded that
the bleeding of the mortar will also
reduce when the mortar is mixed
with slag.
 The pores tend to become smaller
when slag is used in the mix. This
may increase the durability of the
cement mortar when it is exposed to
 Journal Author and Review
Published year
 In her research she noticed that the fineness of slag
sample was high so it was grounded further to match the
fineness of the cement sample.
 Cement 9*consistency was also higher at 28% of the
weight of sample taken in comparison to 26% of the
weight of slag sample taken.
 The initial setting time of slag sample was lower than the
Investigated on cement sample and the final setting time was
partial replacement Veena G. Pathan much higher than the cement sample.
of cement with GGBS et. al.  Cement sample had lower higher specific gravity than
which is obtained Slag sample. She also concluded HY that by increasing
from Bhili and the percentage of GGBS the workability of both M20 and
Rourkela steel plants M25 grade of concrete will increase.
 Compressive strength test was conducted on test
specimens of M20 and M25 grade of concrete at 3, 7 and
28 days with replacements varying from 30 – 50 %. At
40% and 45% cement replacements Compressive
strength of both grade of concretes of both plants
increased.
 There are basically three strength grades (80, 100 and
120) of all strength grades are determined by their
respective mortar strength when they are mixed with
equal mass of OPC.
M
E
T
H
O
D
O
L
O
G
Y
 SCOPE OF THE
The scope of your project involves
PROJECT
conducting an experimental
investigation on the workability
and mechanical behaviour of Self-
Compacting Concrete (SCC) with
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag (GGBS). This encompasses
evaluating the ease of placement,
flow characteristics, and strength
properties of the concrete mix
incorporating these materials. The
study may also explore the
synergistic effects of GGBS on
enhancing the overall performance
of self-compacting concrete.
 OBJECTIVES
Reducing
environme
Enhancing
ntal impact
the
through the
durability
utilization
of concrete.
of industrial
by-products

Improving
long-term Minimizing
strength the heat of
and hydration.
performanc
e
MATERIALS
USED
FINE
AGGREGATE

Type of sand – M Sand

SIZE - Less than 4.75mm
 COARSE
Size – 20mm
AGGREGATE
Properties - # Chemical and Mineral
composition
# Specific gravity
# Hardness
# Strength
# Physical and Chemical
stability
# Pore structure
# Colour.
GROUND GRANULATED BLAST
FURNACE SLAG (GGBS)
By Product – Blast Furnace
used to make iron
Process - # The molten slag is
rapidly chilled by quenching
in water to form the sand like
granulated material.
# GGBS is a glassy
granular, non-metallic
material consisting essentially
of silicates and aluminates of
calcium and other bases.
Used as – Binder Material
CEMENT
Used for - Sets,
Hardens, and Adheres
to other materials to
bind them together
Characteristics – #
Inorganic
# Lime or Calcium
Silicate based
# Non-hydraulic or
Hydraulic.
 MIX DESIGN

Cement Fine Coarse

Aggregate Aggregate

320 702.297 1195.8

1 2.19 3.73
 EXPERIMENTAL
INVESTIGATION
Fresh Concrete Test
Workability Test
 The property of fresh concrete which is indicated by the amount
of useful internal work required to fully compact the concrete
without bleeding or segregation in the finished product.
 Workability is one of the physical parameters of concrete which
affects the strength and durability as well as the cost of labour
and appearance of the finished product.
 Concrete is said to be workable when it is easily placed and
compacted homogeneously i.e., without bleeding or Segregation.
 Unworkable concrete needs more work or effort to be compacted
in place, also honeycombs &/or pockets may also be visible in
finished concrete.
 Slump Cone Test
Procedure:
 Clean the internal surface of the mould and apply oil.
 Place the mould on a smooth horizontal non- porous base plate.
 Fill the mould with the prepared concrete mix in 4 approximately equal
layers.
 Tamp each layer with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod in a
uniform manner over the cross section of the mould. For the subsequent
layers, the tamping should penetrate the underlying layer.
 Remove the excess concrete and level the surface with a trowel.
 Clean away the mortar or water leaked out between the mould and the
base plate.
 Raise the mould from the concrete immediately and slowly in vertical
direction.
 Measure the slump as the difference between the height of the mould
and that of height point of the specimen being tested.
 Slump
Cone
Test
Apparatu
s
 L-Box Test

Procedure:
 About 14 litres of concrete needed to perform the test,
sampled normally.
 Set the apparatus level on firm ground, ensure that the
sliding gate can open freely and then close it.
 Moisten the inside surface of the apparatus, remove any
surplus water, fill the vertical section of the apparatus
with the concrete sample.
 Lift the sliding gate and allow the concrete to flow out
into the horizontal section.
 Simultaneously, start the stopwatch and record the time
for the concrete to reach the concrete 200 and 400
marks.
 When the concrete stops flowing, the distances ‘H1’ and
‘H2’ are measured. Calculate H2/H1, the blocking ratio.
The whole has tom performed within 5minutes.
 L-Box
Test
Apparatu
s
 CASTING OF THE
SPECIMEN
Preparation of Test specimens

The different materials needed are collected

and kept ready. The total quantity of materials
required are measured out and the required water
for mixing assuming a water cement ratio 0.45 is
also measured and kept ready. The cement, sand
coarse aggregate are proportional in the ratio
Size of Mould

The cube specimen is (15x15x15) cm,

the mould is made of steel and cast iron and
made to enable easy removal of the specimens
from the mould are placed on a metal box plate
having plain surface.
Mixing
First of all, the mix cement and very well,
the mixtures are spread over the previously laid out
coarse aggregate and the three are mixed
thoroughly with shovel. The water is added in the
small quantities and the mixing is continued
vigorously. After the entire water is added the
Placing

The material obtained after mixing is

fed into the mould, before the initial setting
time the mixture should be placed.
HARDENED CONCRETE BLOCK TEST

Testing of hardened concrete plays an

important role in controlling and confirming the
quality of cement concrete block works.
Compressive Strength Test

 The compression testing machine should be as per IS: 516-1959 and IS:
14858-2000.
The load capacity, platens sizes, vertical space between platens and
horizontal space between machine columns shall be as per the
requirements of the specimens to be tested.
However, IS: 2185 (part-1) - 1979 specified that when the bearing area of
the steel blocks is not sufficient to cover the bearings area of the blocks,
steel bearing plates shall be placed between the bearing blocks and the
capped specimen after the centroid of the masonry bearing surface has
It is desirable that the bearing faces of blocks and plates used for
compression testing of concrete masonry have hardness of not less than 60
(HRC).
When steel plates are employed between the steel bearing blocks and the
masonry specimen, the plates shall have thickness equal to at least one-
third of the distance from the edge of the bearing block to the most distant
corner of the specimen. In no case shall the plate thickness be less than 12
mm.
Specimens shall be tested with the centroid of their bearing surfaces
aligned vertically with the centre of thrust of the spherically seated steel
bearing blocks of the testing machine.
 The load up to one- half of the expected maximum load may be applied at
The compressive strength of a concrete masonry unit shall be
taken as the maximum load in Newton divided by the gross
cross-sectional area of the unit in square milli meters.
Report to the nearest 0.1 N/mm² separately for each unit and the
average for the 8 full units.
Compressi
ve
Strength
Machine
 RESULTS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR HIGH STRENGTH SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE BLOCK
SLUMP CONE VALUE FOR SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
L-BOX BLOCKIMNG RATIO FOR SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
 COMPRESSIVE SRENGTH FOR HIGH STRENGTH SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE

Chart Title
28.5

28

27.5

27

26.5

26

25.5

25

24.5

24

23.5
0% GGBS 5% GGBS 10% GGBS 15% GGBS 20% GGBS
 SUMMARY

• Optimisation of superplasticiser was done

and at 1.25% of superplasticiser by weight
of cement gives slump value for
conventional as 62cm and for L box
blocking ratio obtained for concrete was
0.82. The compressive strength of
conventional concrete was 28.06 N/mm²,
whereas at 15% replacement of cement
 CONCLUSI
The dosage of superplasticiser was
optimized ON
by trial mix, which is
1.25% by weight of cement. Slump
cone and L box were the workability
tests carried out for the entire mix
and found to be within the range for
self-compacting concrete.
Compressive strength test results
shows that concrete with 15%
replacement of cement by Ground
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag gives
0.14% increase in strength
compared to conventional concrete.
However we can justify that, the slag
can be effectively utilized without
 REFERENC
E 2016,” Evaluation of strength behaviour of self- compacting
1) S Kavitha, TF Kala - Indian Journal of science and technology,
concrete using GGBS as partial replacement of cement.”

2) AAA AL-Oran, NA Safieel., NAM Nasir - European Journal of..., 2022, “Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting
concrete using GGBS as cement replacement- Taylor & Francis.”

3) JVM Raman, VM Krishnan Int. J. Civ. Eng, 2017- researchgate.net, “Partial replacement of cement with GGBS in self-
compacting concrete for sustainable construction.”

4) P Dinakar, KP Sethy, UC Sahoo Materials & Design, 2013- Elsevier,” Design of self- compacting concrete with ground
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5) MA Joe, AM Rajesh Int J Eng Sci (IJES), 2015 - theijes.com, “Study on the effect of GGBS & M Sand in self-compacting
concrete.”

6) P. Dinakar⇑, Kali Prasanna Sethy, Umesh C. Sahoo School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar 751
013, India, “Technical Report Design of self- compacting concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag.”
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9) ASTM C 989. “Standard specification for ground granulated blast-furnace slag for use in concrete and mortars. Annual book of
ASTM standards; 1994.”

10) Petersson Ö, Bill Berg P, Van BK. A model for self-compacting concrete. In: Bartos PJM, Marrs DL, Cleland DJ, editors. Proc
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11) “STUDIES ON SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CONTAINING GGBS”

Mohammed Majeed Alkuhly B.Sc., M.Sc. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the

requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Engineering Cardiff University, October 2021

12) “EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS”, R. Selvapriya [1]; M. Raj Kannan [2]
[1] PG student (Structural Engineering), Civil Department, Paavai Engineering College, Pachall. [2] Assistant Professor, Civil
Department, Paavai Engineering College, Pachall.
13) “Design of self-compacting concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag”, Author links open overlay panel. Dinakar,
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14)IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 587 “A STUDY ON DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING

CONCRETE USING GGBS”, S.P. Kanniyappan1, B. Tamilarasan2, M. Sivakumar2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India 2B.E. Students, Department of Civil
Engineering, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India.