PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
The Problem and Its Background
Week 5 / Quarter 3
Research Topic
Guidelines in Choosing a Research Topic (Babbie,
2013)
1.Interest in the subject matter
2. Availability of information
3. Timeliness and relevance of
the topic
4. Limitations on the subject
5. Personal resources
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Research Topic
Research Topics To Be Avoided
1. Controversial topics
2. Highly technical subjects
3. Hard-to-investigate subjects
4. Too broad subjects
5. Too narrow subjects
6. Vague subjects
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Research Topic
The following can help generate ideas about a good
research topic:
1. Mass media communication
2. Books, Internet, peer-reviewed journals, government
publications
3. Professional periodicals
4. General periodicals
5. Previous reading assignments in your other subjects
6. Work experience
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The Problem
and Its
Background
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It provides a brief explanation on how the
study was conceived, how will it be
conducted, and the possible contribution it
may give to the society.
It gives the readers important information about
the research being conducted. It describes the
circumstances that suggested in the research.
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FEATURES
1 It cites the reason why
the researcher chooses to
study a particular topic
which includes:
a. personal observations;
b. difficulties or issues; and
c. other relevant
experiences.
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FEATURES
2 It describes:
a. the setting or the place or
locality where the
research will take place;
and
b. the special needs to be
addressed in a particular
place or locality.
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FEATURES
3 It presents bases that
may support or
negate the claims of
the researcher. The
researcher may
present relevant
literatures relevant to
the study he/she is
conducting.
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FEATURES
4 It gives justifi cation
for the need for the
research study. It may
site benefi ts and
other advantages that
the research might
present after it has
been done and must
establish the
importance to
conduct the study. 17
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
It is a formal statement of the expected
relationships between two or more variables
in a specifi ed population.
It provides tentative explanation. It proposes
solution. It states educated prediction. It
enumerates variables to be tested.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis
• proposes that two factors or • a claim that is contradictory to
groups are unrelated and that the null hypothesis.
there is no difference Researchers will pair the
between certain alternative hypothesis with the
characteristics of a null hypothesis in order to prove
population or process. that there is no relation.
There is no significant change in The growth of the plant improved
the growth of a plant if one uses during the times when it received
distilled water only or vitamin-rich vitamin-rich water only, as opposed
water only to water it. to distilled water only.
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It should be Example:
observable, in the There is no significant
sense that the difference between the
explanation could performance of the male
empirically be female nurses in the
healthcare delivery.
manifested.
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It should be Example:
reasonable and There will be a difference
should clearly between the performance of
indicate the male and female nurses in
relationship nursing care.
between variables.
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Example:
It should be There is no significant
measurable and difference between the
tested. mathematics achievement
of boys and girls in Grade VI.
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Example:
The use of instructional
It should follow technology brings better
t h e fi n d i n g s o f t h e
learning results among the
p r e v i o u s s t u d y.
nursing students than the
use of traditional method.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is the heart of a research study where the
general and specifi c problems or objectives
are presented.
It clearly, accurately and briefly states the issue,
which may be stated either in the declarative form or
interrogative form, that was studied.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
General Problem Specific Problem
• introductory statement (in • those that will be thoroughly studied during
the research; needs to be answered by
declarative form) statements of hypothesis
Specifically, it will seek to answer the following
“The main purpose of this study is questions
to determine…” 1. How is the demographic profile of the
respondents be described in terms
of:;
2. How is the (1st variable) be described;
3. How is the (2nd variable) be described;
4. How is the 1st variable related to the
2nd variable?
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Research Title General Problem Specific Problem
1. What are the effects of El
Nino on the production of
This study attempts to agricultural products of
Filipino framers?
document the
2. What are the effects of the
The Impact of El Niño effects on the
said environmental
to the Way of Life of production of phenomenon to the social
the Filipino Farmers agricultural and economic interactions
of the Filipino farmers?
products of Filipino
3. What practices are adopted
farmers.
by the said farmers to limit
the effects of El Nino to
their way of life?
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
FACTOR-ISOLATING
SITIUATION-RELATING
QUESTIONS/
FACTOR-NAMING QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
(What is it?) (What will happen if...?)
FACTOR-RELATING
SITUATION -PRODUCING
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
(What is happening
(How can I make it happen?)
here?)
4 Types of Research Problems
FACTOR-ISOLATING
QUESTIONS/ These are questions isolate,
FACTOR-NAMING
categorize, describe, or name
QUESTIONS
factors and situations.
(What is it?)
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What is the profile of school
managers in terms of:
1. age;
FACTOR-ISOLATING 2. management
QUESTIONS/ experience;
FACTOR-NAMING 3. management training;
QUESTIONS
4. home atmosphere;
5. educational attainment
(What is it?)
6. home atmosphere;
7. hobbies;
8. health condition.
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These questions are directed
FACTOR-RELATING towards determining the
QUESTIONS
relationship among factors
that have been identified and
(What is happening
here?) aiming to establish
relationship.
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What relationships and
interrelationships are observed
FACTOR-RELATING between and among the
QUESTIONS following variables?
1. intrapersonal
(What is happening competency;
here?) 2. interpersonal
competency; and
3. school effectiveness
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SITIUATION- These question yield
RELATING hypotheses testing or
QUESTIONS experimental study designs in
which the researcher
(What will happen manipulates the variables to
if...?) see what will happen.
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1. What are the effects of the
traditional methods of
SITUATION- teaching to the level of
RELATING performance of tourism
QUESTIONS students?
2. How significantly different is
(What will happen the performance of the
if...?) morning call center agents to
that of the evening call
center agents?
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These questions establish
SITUATION - explicit goals for actions,
PRODUCING
develop plan or prescriptions
QUESTIONS
to achieve goals , and specify
(How can I make it the conditions under which
happen?) these goals will be
accomplished.
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A. Based on the findings, what
human relation intervention
SITUATION - can be adopted to enhance
PRODUCING or improve school
QUESTIONS
effectiveness?
(How can I make it B. What policy is to be
happen?) formulated to manage the
personnel in government
agencies effectively?
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THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS?
