WHAT IS SOLID
WASTE?
• It means any garbage, refuse, sludge
from a wastewater treatment plant,
water supply treatment plant, or air
pollution control facility and other
discarded materials
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SOLID WASTE?
a. Municipal Waste consist of household waste,
construction waste and demolition debris, sanitation
residue and waste from streets. With rising urbanization
and change in lifestyle and food habits, the amount of
municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its
composition changing
b. Hazardous Waste- those that can cause harm to
human and the environment
CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES:
• Toxic – These are wastes that are poisonous in
small or trace amount.
• Reactive – These wastes tend to react
vigorously with air or water are unstable to shock or
heat, generate toxic gases, or explode during
routine management.
• Infectious – These wastes include human tissue from surgery,
used bandages and hypoderm needles hospital wastes.
• Corrosive – These wastes destroy materials and living tissues
by chemical reactions.
• Bio-medical These wastes are generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research
activities pertaining there to or in the production or testing of
biological
WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL?
• Landfill – This process of waste disposal focuses
attention on burying the waste in the land.
• Incineration/Combustion is a type of disposal method in
which municipal solid wastes are burned at high
temperatures to convert them into residue and gaseous
products
• Thermal treatment – This process involves conversion of solid waste
materials by incinerators into heat, gas, steam, and ash.
• Composting is an easy and natural bio-degradation process that
takes organic wastes i.e. remains of plants and garden and kitchen
waste and turns into nutrient rich food for your plants.
• Recovery and Recycling is a resource recovery process of taking
useful discarded items for specific next use.
Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new
products to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw
materials. It involves:
a. Reduce-to buy less and use less
b. Reuse- elements of the discarded item are used again
c. Recycle- discards are separated into materials that may be
incorporated into new products
CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
• Solid waste thrown in streets, highways and waterways
can cause pollution when they are carried off by rainwaters
run-offs or by flood to the mainstream or drainage
• Burning of industrial waste produce furans, droxins, that
are harmful to human beings.
• Toxic substances may contaminate the groundwater.
SOLUTIONS
a. Compost your waste. Composting waste in an option for
getting rid of your household waste. You can compost lots of
items. Anything that is organic can be composed
b. Recycle. Recycling waste is another option for getting rid of
waste
c. Buy products that are good for the environment. Instead of
purchasing those plastic pop bottles, find a way that you can
buy things that are more environmentally friendly.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT is the collection, transport,
processing, recycling, or disposal and monitoring of solid waste
materials. The objectives of the solid waste management are to:
• minimize waste generation;
• maximize the collection efficiency of waste;
• reduce the volume of waste requiring disposal and maximize the
economic value of waste; and
• develop and adopt environmentally sound treatment and disposal
methods.
• Public Awareness plays a vital role in changing people’s
attitude and ensuring the success of waste management
programs. The success of waste management programs will
depend to a greater extent on awareness programs. The
awareness programs will provide for sensitization of
communities on the existing environmental laws and by-
laws.
