CDI 3

SPECIALIZED CRIME
INVESTIGATION 2 WITH
SIMULATION ON INTERVIEW
AND INTERROGATION
KARL IVAN M. AUSTRIA
INSTRUCTOR
WHAT IS CRIMINAL?
•A person who committed a crime, arrested,
prosecuted and finally convicted of the crime.
•A person who is convicted of a crime with final
judgment.
WHAT IS INVESTIGATION?

• Is an examination a study, analysis and a research of

facts and or circumstances, situation, incidents and
scenarios either related or not for the purpose of
rendering a conclusion of proof
WHAT IS CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION?
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

• It is an art which deals with the identity and location

of the criminal offender and the gathering and
providing evidence of his guilt in criminal
proceedings.
TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION

• INFORMATION – It is the knowledge or facts which

the investigator had gathered or acquired from
persons or documents which are pertinent or
relevant concerning the commission of a crime or
criminal activities
• INTERVIEW, INTERROGATION, FIELD INQUIRY
• INSTRUMENTATION – It is the process of applying
instruments or tools of the police sciences in criminal
investigation and detection
SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION

• Special crime investigation deals with the study of

major crimes based on the application of special
investigative techniques. It also concentrates more
on physical evidences, its collection, handling,
identification, and preservation in coordination with
the crime laboratory.
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN
HISTORY OF INVESTIGATION
JONATHAN WILD
• He was a buckle maker then a brothel
operator; a master criminal who
became London’s most effective
criminal investigator. He was the most
famous THIEF-CATCHER in 1720s.
His methods or techniques made
popular the logic of EMPLOYING A
THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF. He
conceived the idea of charging a fee
for locating and returning stolen
property to its rightful owners
EUGENE ‘Francois” VIDOCQ
• He was a criminal who turned Paris
Investigator. He is a former convict who
became a notorious thief-catcher in France. He
is credited as the founder of LA SURETE,
France’s national detective organization. He
made popular the concept of “SET A THIEF TO
CATCH A THIEF”. He introduced the concept of
‘TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY’, which is a
forerunner of our present-day credit card
system. For a fee, any owner of a shop or
business establishment could obtain particulars
concerning the financial solvency of new
customers. He created a squad of ex-convicts
to aid the Paris police in crime investigation.
 HENRY FIELDING
• An Englishman who wrote a novel
entitled “Tom Jones” and was
appointed as magistrate (sheriff)
for the areas of Westminster and
Middle Age, London. He was the
creator of the BOW STREET
RUNNERS while he was the
magistrate; he formed a group of
police officers attached to the Bow
Street Court, and not in uniform,
performing criminal investigative
functions.
 SIR JOHN FIELDING
• The younger brother of Henry Fielding
who took over the control of Bow Street
Court in 1753. His investigators were
then called Bow Street Runners and
became quite effective because of his
personal guidance despite the fact that
he was blind. He introduced the
practice of developing paid informants,
printing wanted notices, employing
criminal raids, and bearing firearms and
handcuffs.
SIR ROBERT PEEL

• SIR ROBERT PEELS The founder and chief

organizer of the London Metropolitan Police –
the SCOTLAND YARD. He reiterated the idea
of creating sizeable police force in his
recommendations, which lead to the passage of
the Metropolitan Police Act. This act had a
tremendous impact on the history of criminal
justice in general, and on the development of
criminal investigation specifically. He introduced
the techniques of detecting crimes such as:
detectives concealing themselves, and secretly
photographing and recording conversations.
INSPECTOR THOMAS BYRNES

• He was a former chief of

detectives in New York and
credited to have developed
the “modus operandi’
technique
MODUS OPERANDI

• It is the method of operation by specific criminal or

criminal syndicates. It is the distinct pattern of how a
crime is committed and is established by a series of
crimes under one classification.
Brief History of the Investigation Agency
in the Philippines
• The PNP Criminal Investigation and
Detection Group (CIDG)
from January 19, 1950, like any other
operating arm of the Philippines
Criminal Investigation Service
Command (CISC) to Criminal
Investigation Group (CIG) and finally,
the Criminal Investigation Detection
Group
The National Bureau of
Investigation(NBI)
• The NBI in the Philippines has a
rich history dating back to 1936
when it was established as the
Division of Investigation under the
DOJ
• It evolved into the Bureau of
Investigation 1947 and later that
year, it was renamed the National
Bureau of Investigation.
 GOALS OF CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION
1. To determine whether a crime has been committed.
2. To legally obtain information or evidence.
3. To identify persons involved
(suspect/victims/witnesses).
4. To arrest suspect.
5. To recover stolen properties.
6. To present the best possible case to the prosecutor.
 SIX CARDINAL POINTS OF
INVESTIGATION
• INVESTIGATOR MUST SEEK TO ESTABLISH
1.What specific offense has been committed?
2.How was the offense committed?
3.Who committed it?
4.Where was the offense committed?
5.When it was committed
6.Why was it committed?
 INTENT VS. MOTIVE

• Intent is the conscious malice that taints the act with

criminality or conscious objective or purpose while
Motive is the moving power or reason why an
individual commit a criminal conduct.
WHO IS CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR?

• It refers to a person who performs an investigation

and charged with the duty of carrying out the
objectives of criminal investigation.
• He is skilled person who is charged with the duty of
conducting criminal investigation when a crime is
committed
TRAINING:
Crime Investigation and Detection Course
(CRIDEC)

QUALIFICATIONS:
a. Must be at least Police Corporal
b. Must have finished Public Safety Junior Leadership
Course
c. Recommended by their Regional Director
d. Must be designated or willing to be assigned as
investigator
QUALITIES OF INVESTIGATOR:
• KNOWLEDGEABLE - this refers to the investigator who
exhibit understanding about crime, evidence, law, to
include the suspect and the victim
• PERSEVERANCE - refers to the steadfastness, persistence
and resolution to bring the desired conclusion in spite
of obstacles connected with criminal investigation.
• HONESTY AND INTEGRITY - the investigator must always
observe the moral conviction of doing the right thing in all
circumstances. There is the ever temptations of money, women,
and drinks, etc., that influence the result of investigation
• ACTING ABILITY - It is the ability to go down to
the level of the subject (minor, the prostitute or the
slum dwellers, or the level of the other professionals
or the members of the elite).
• THE KEEP POWER OF OBSERVATION AND
DESCRIPTION - These are very important in crime
scene investigation and in interview and
interrogation.
• KNOWLEDGE OF MARTIAL ARTS AND
FIREARMS PROFICIENCY - this will help the
investigator in defending himself when confronting,
arresting, and interrogating the suspect.
 PRIMARY JOB OF AN
INVESTIGATOR
• The primary job of an investigator is to discover
whether or not an offense has been committed under
the law, after determining what specific offense has
been committed, he must discover how it was
committed, by whom, where it was committed, when
and why it was committed (Cardinal Points or 5W
and 1H)
WHO SHALL CONDUCT CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION?
• The police station, which has territorial jurisdiction of
the area where the crime incident was committed,
shall immediately undertake the necessary
investigation and processing of the crime scene
unless otherwise directed higher authorities for a
certain case to be investigated by other units/agency.
CRIME SCENE

• Crime scene can be understood to include all areas

in which the criminal, any possible victim, and any
eyewitness move during the time the crime was
committed
•A venue or place where the alleged
crime/incident/event has been committed and the
most valuable physical evidence can be found.
 According to Time of Commission:

• Day Time Crime Commission – from sunrise to

sunset (6:00am – 6:00pm)
• Nighttime – from sunset to sunrise (6:00pm –
6:00am)
According to Location
1. Indoor Crime Scene – affords the crime scene protection
from weather and allows investigators to take time and
process the scene in a slow and methodical manner, without
concern for weather influences.
2. Outdoor crime scene – most vulnerable to weather
condition and present more problems
3. Continuing/Mixed crime scenes – from indoor to outdoor
and/or vice versa
4. Special Location – the most difficult to handle because of
its nature, it needs special support resources to process:
vehicle, airplane, septic tank
 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Refers to the post-incident police operational

procedures undertaken at the crime scene when a
crime has been committed
 GENERAL INVESTIGATIVE
PROCEDURES
1. Upon the receipt of call/walk-in complainants
Duty Desk Officer shall:
■ Record the time it was reported
■ Get the identity of the caller/complainant.
■ Get the place of incident
■ Get the nature of incident
■ Get the number of victim/s
■ Record a brief synopsis of the incident
■ Direct the nearest mobile car/beat patrollers or the nearest police precinct to act as first
responders equipped with police line to secure the place of incident
■ Inform the duty investigator
 PRIORITIES OF THE FIRST POLICE
OFFICER UPON ARRIVAL AT THE
CRIME SCENE
1.Try to save life, if possible
2.If the suspect is at the crime scene, apprehend him
3.Protect and preserve the crime scene
4.Investigate
 INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE AT
THE CRIME SCENE

1.Receive the crime scene at the first responder.

2.Record time/date of arrival at the crime scene,
location of the scene, condition of the weather,
condition and type of lightning, direction of wind
and visibility
3.Photograph and or video the entire crime scene
4. Before entering the crime scene, all investigators must put
on surgical gloves.
5. Before touching or moving any object at the crime scene in
a homicide or murder case, determine first the status of the
victim, whether he is still alive or already dead. If the victim is
alive, the investigator should exert effort to gather information
from the victim himself regarding the circumstances of the
crime, while a member of a team or someone must call an
ambulance from the nearest hospital. Only a coroner or
medical examiner shall remove the dead body unless unusual
circumstances justify its immediate removal.
6. Designate a member of the team or ask other
policemen or responsible persons to stand watch and
secure the scene and permit only authorized persons
to enter the same.
7. Identify and retain questioning the person who first
noticed the police and other possible witnesses.
8. Determine the assailant through inquiry or observe
him if his identity is immediately apparent. Arrest him if
he is still in the vicinity.
9. Separate witnesses in order to get independent
statement.
 COMPOSITION OF AN
INVESTIGATION TEAM

• Team Leader
• Investigator/Recorder
• Photographer
• Evidence Custodian
• Composite Illustrator/Artist
 Crime Scene Photography:

• Itis conducted to create an accurate, objective,

visual and permanent record of the crime scene
before any item is moved or removed as possible
physical evidence. It is recommended to take as
many photographs as you can be giving emphasis to
possible physical evidence.
 PHOTOGRAPHING THE CRIME
SCENE
• GENERAL VIEW – The general view of the scene must
photographed in different angles, showing the specific
location of every physical evidence discovered during
search
• CLOSE-UP VIEW – Every physical evidence must be
photographed in a close up view for different angles. These
close up views must be enlarged in court presentation
• COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY – It is advisable to use colored
photograph to enhance their effects on the senses of court
 MAJOR TYPES OF PICTORIAL
VIEWS
1. General View or Long-
range or Overall
Photographs
It is the over-all view of the
crime. It shows direction
and location of the crime
scene. From the doorway to
the room and other corners of
the room
2. Medium View or Mid-
range (Evidence
Establishing Photograph)
Is the taking of the
photograph of the scene of
the crime by dividing it into
section. The view will best
view the nature of the crime.
8 or 10 ft. from the victim
3. Close-up View/ Range
Is the taking of individual
photograph of the
evidence at the scene of
the crime. It is design to
show the details of the
crime. 5 ft. or less from
the subject/object
4. Extreme Close - Up
View
It is the taking of
photograph of the extent
of wounds done usually
in the Crime Laboratory.
 CRIME SCENE SKETCH

It provides accurate information about the placement

of the objects and they show relationship and
distances between things.
Sketch is the graphic representation of the
scene of the crime with complete measurements of
the relative distances of relevant object and conditions
obtaining therein.
 KINDS OF SKETCH
ROUGH SKETCH –
This is the sketch made
by the investigator at
the crime scene which
is full of important
details but without the
scale of proportion.
This is used as the
basis for the finished
sketch.
Finished sketch - This is the
sketch with a scale of proportion
and drawn by a draftsman which
can be used for court
presentation. Rough and finished
sketches if requested by the court
shall be presented by the draftsman
to the jury.
 CRIME SCENE SEARCH

A crime scene search could only be started after

it has been photographed and sketched to
systematically look for physical evidence that may
prove useful in establishing that a crime has been
committed and to determine what method of operation
the perpetrator may have used.
SEARCH METHODS
 STRIP/LINE SEARCH METHOD
Searchers A, B and C proceed slowly at
the same pace along to paths parallel to
one side of the rectangle. When a piece
of evidence is found, the finder
announces discovery and the search
must stop until the evidence has been
cared for. A photographer is called if
necessary. The evidence is collected
and tagged and the search proceeds at
a given signal. At the end of the
rectangle, the searchers turn around and
proceed along new lanes.
DOUBLE STRIP SEARCH METHOD

The double strip or grid

method of search is a
modification of the strip search
method. Here, the rectangle is
traversed parallel to the base
then parallel to a side a
SPIRAL/Circular/Concentric Method
SEARCH METHOD
In this method, the three
searchers follow each
other along the path of a
spiral, beginning on the
outside and spiraling in
toward the center
Wheel Search Method/Pie, Radial or
Spoke Method
This type of searching the
crime scene is applicable to
areas which are somewhat
circular in size or area. The
searchers shall assemble
at the center of the crime
scene, then simultaneously
searching the crime scene
outward.
 Zone/Quadrant/Sector Search
Method

The area to be searched

is divided into quadrants
and each searcher or a
group of searcher is
assigned to the quadrant.
CRIME RECONSTRUCTION

Scientific ability of investigators to make useful

observations of physical evidence in the crime scene
through a logical approach in theorizing as to how the
crime was committed.
Physical Reconstruction
■ Reconstructing the crime is based on the physical
appearance of the crime scene mainly focused on the
pieces of physical evidence. And the accounts of
witnesses and suspects.
Mental Reconstruction
■ Based on the physical reconstruction, some
conclusions could be formulated taking into account all
available pieces of evidence.
Crime Scene Re-enactment

Process of reenacting and portraying the crime

incident based on their previous knowledge
(confession) regarding the event by having the
offender, victim, or witness to play such role