SOLID
MENSURATION
CHAPTER 1: PLANE
FIGURES
FIGURES THAT LIE ON A
PLANE
POLYGON
IT
IS A CLOSED PLANE
FIGURE FORMED BY LINE
SEGMENTS.
PARTS OF
POLYGON
The side or the edge of a polygon is one of the
line segments that make up the polygon. Adjacent
sides are pairs of sides that share a common
endpoints.
The vertices of a polygon are the endpoints of
each side of the polygon. Adjacent vertices are
endpoints of a side.
A diagonal of a polygon is a line segments joining
two non adjacent vertices of the polygon.
An interior angle is the angle formed by two
adjacent sides inside the polygon.
An exterior angle is an angle that is adjacent to
and supplementary to an interior angle of the
polygon.
Types of Polygon
1. Equiangular polygon
2. Equilateral polygon
3. Regular polygon
4. Irregular polygon
5. Convex Polygon
Every interior angle of a convex polygon is
less than 180°. If a line is drawn through
the convex polygon the line will intersect at
most two sides.
6. Concave Polygon
A concave polygon has at least one
interior angle that measures more
than 180°. If a line is drawn through
a concave polygon, the line may
intersect more than two sides.
Naming Polygons
Polygons are named according to their
numbers of sides. Generally, a polygon
with n sides is called an n-gon. To form the
name of polygons with 13 to 99 sides
begin with the prefix for the tens digit,
followed by kai and the prefix for the units
digit.
For numbers 100 to 999, form
the name of the polygon by
starting with the prefix for the
hundreds digit taken from the
ones digit, affix the word
hecta, then follow the rule on
naming polygons with 3 to 99
sides.
Example 1:
A 54-sided polygon is called a
pentacontakaitetragon
50 and 4
pentaconta kai Tetragon
Example 2:
A 532-sided polygon is called a
pentahectatriacontakaidigon.
500 30 and 2
pentahect triaconta kai digon
a
Similar Polygons
Two polygons are similar if their corresponding
interior angles are congruent and their corresponding
sides are proportional . Similar polygons have the
same shape but may differ in size.
Ratio of two quantities is the quotient of one quantity
divided by another quantity. (two quantities must be
on the same kind)
Proportion is an expression of equality between two
ratios. That is, if two ratios a:b and c:d are equal,
then the equation Thus you can say that a and b are
proportional to c and d.
1. The ratio of any two
corresponding sides of similar
polygons are equal.
2. The ratio of of similar
polygons is the square of the
ratio of any two corresponding
sides.
3. The ratio of of similar
polygons is equal to the ratio
of any two corresponding
sides.
Properties of a regular polygon
A regular polygon of n sides can be subdivided
into n congruent isosceles triangles, whose base is
a side of the polygon. The common vertex of
these triangles is the center of the polygon.
Perimeter
P = ns
Where n is the number of sides and s is
the length of each side
Central angle
The angle that is opposite a side of a
regular polygon is a central angle of the
polygon. It is the angle formed by two lines
drawn from the center of the polygon to
two adjacent vertices. Regular polygons
are equiangular. Thus, the measure of each
central angle is given by :
APOTHEM
The altitude of the isosceles triangles that can
be formed from a regular polygon is the
apothem of the regular polygon. The apothem
bisects the central angle and its opposite side.
Thus, we can compute for the apothem as
follows:
Solving for a,
Sum of Interior angles
Since the number of sides equals the number of
interior angles, then the sum of interior angles
is n times the measure of the interior angle.
Hence,
Interior angle
In each isosceles triangle, the measure of the base
angles can be denoted by , and each interior angle of
the regular polygon by 2Thus the measure of each
interior angle is solved as follows:
Thus,
Area
Area is the amount of two dimensional space that a
plane figure occupies. To get the area of a regular
polygon, multiply the area of the isosceles triangle
by the number of triangles formed, or
Note that this is the same as one half of the
product of its perimeter and its apothem. In
general, the formula for area of a regular polygon is
given by :
The formula for area of a regular polygon
can be expressed in terms of its number
of sides and the measure of one side as
follows:
Diagonal
From any given vertex of a regular polygon, a
diagonal is drawn from the vertex to a non
adjacent vertex. This means that you can
construct a diagonal from each vertex of a
polygon with n sides in n-3 ways. Since there are
n vertices and diagonal has two endpoints, you
can do this in only . Thus the total number of
distinct diagonals of a regular polygon is .
Example:
Find the area of a regular nonagon whose
sides measure 3 units. Determine the
number of distinct diagonals that can be
drawn from each vertex and the sum of
its interior angles.
Try!
1. The sum of the interior angles of regular polygon
is 1,260°. Find the area of the polygon if its
perimeter is 45 cm.
