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Q - Vacancies

The document discusses point defects in solids, focusing on vacancies and self-interstitials. It explains how the equilibrium number of vacancies is temperature-dependent and provides a formula for calculating vacancies in materials like copper and gold. Additionally, it touches on impurities in solids, defining solute and solvent in the context of alloys.

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alfredphilippines2002
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22 views11 pages

Q - Vacancies

The document discusses point defects in solids, focusing on vacancies and self-interstitials. It explains how the equilibrium number of vacancies is temperature-dependent and provides a formula for calculating vacancies in materials like copper and gold. Additionally, it touches on impurities in solids, defining solute and solvent in the context of alloys.

Uploaded by

alfredphilippines2002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solving

Imperfections in Solids
Point defect
VACANCIES
The simplest of the point defects is a
vacancy, or vacant lattice site, one
normally occupied from which an atom is
missing
VACANCIES
The equilibrium number of vacancies for a given quantity
of material depends on and increases with temperature
according to  Q 
N v  N exp  v

 kT 
Where Nv is the equilibrium number of vacancies
N is the total number of atomic sites,
Qv is the energy required for the formation of a vacancy
T is the absolute temperature
k is the gas or Boltzmann’s constant. Equal to 1.38 x 10-
23
J/atom K, or 8.62 10-5 eV/atom K
Number-of-Vacancies Computation
at a Specified Temperature
Calculate the equilibrium number of
vacancies per cubic meter for copper at
1000C.
The energy for vacancy formation is 0.9
eV/atom; the atomic weight and density (at
1000C) for copper are 63.5 g/mol and 8.4
g/cm3
First, determine the value of N, the number
of atomic sites per cubic meter
For copper, from its atomic weight Acu , its
density , and Avogadro’s number N A,
according to
self-interstitial
An atom from the crystal that is crowded into
an interstitial site, a small void space that under
ordinary circumstances is not occupied
In metals, a self-interstitial introduces relatively
large distortions in the surrounding lattice
because the atom is substantially larger than
the interstitial position in which it is situated.
Consequently, the formation of this defect is not
highly probable, and it exists in very small
concentrations, which are significantly lower
than for vacancies
IMPURITIES IN SOLIDS
Alloy which impurity atoms have been added
intentionally to impart specific
characteristics to the material
Solute, solvent
Solvent represents the element or compound
that is present in the greatest amount; on
occasion, solvent atoms are also called host
atoms
Solute is used to denote an element or
compound present in a minor concentration
Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic
meter in gold at 900 deg C. The energy for
vacancy formation is 0.98 eV/atom.
Furthermore, the density and atomic weight
for Au are 18.63 g/cm3 (at 900°C) and 196.9
g/mol, respectively.

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