1.
3 Quality and styles of
Architecture
A. Quality of Architecture
It is the specialty or uniqueness of
architecture to be progressed and developed
passing through different challenges
historically.
These are;
•Strength – continuity of architectural works
•Vitality – to be existed forever
•Unity – inclination to be considered as a
whole
•Restraint- keep some limitations and
modifications
•Refinement- to be simplified
•Response- problem solving
•Grace- oddness
•Scale- size and proportion
•Pictorial setting- visualization arrangement
•Background- frames or boundaries of the
figure ground
•Expression of progression- transmission of
messages
B. Styles of
Architecture
• Architectural style is a way of
classifying architecture mostly by the
morphological characteristics.
Such as;
– Form
– Techniques
– Materials
• Architectural style gives emphasis to
characteristic features of design, leading
to a terminology such as “Gothic” style.
1. Neolithic Architecture
Stonehenge
Stonehenge
known as “Stone-Age” architecture
contains some of the oldest known
structures
used mainly mud-brick & stones to
construct houses and villages.
2. Egyptian Architecture
Due to lack of wood most Egyptian
architecture was made with mud-brick
and stone.
Minerals included sandstone,
limestone, and granite, which were
generally used for tombs and temples&
pyramids
3. Neoclassical
Architecture
have these features:
• Symmetrical building treatment
• Tall columns that rise the full
height of the building
• Triangular Pavement
• Dome roofing
4. Roman Architecture
•Adopted from Greek classical
architecture.
•Constructed with new structural
principles like
•Development of the archs, vaults &
a new building materials, concrete.
Colosseum
Colosseum
5. Gothic Architecture
Pointed arch was introduced for both
visual and structural reasons.
Have stained-glass window styles
Channels weight onto the bearing
columns at a steep angle.
Gothic cathedrals could be highly
decorated with statues(pic) & paintings.
6. Renaissance Architecture
•15th -early 17th c. in different regions of
Europe.
•The Renaissance style places emphasis on
symmetry, proportion, geometry and the
regularity of parts
7. Modern Architecture
the 20th century styles.
Used materials such as iron, steel, concrete, and
glass.
The most commonly used materials are glass for
the facade, steel for exterior support.
Modern architecture seen in most skyscrapers.
• Modern architecture is usually
characterized by:▪
– a rejection of historical
styles(ornamentation) as a source
of architectural form (historicism)
– an adoption of the principle that
the materials and functional
requirements determine the
result
– a simplification of form and
elimination of "unnecessary
detail"
8. Post- Modern Architecture
•Began as American style whose first examples are
generally cited as being from the 1960s
•Diverse aesthetics, styles collide.
•Postmodernists feel buildings fail unless to meet the
human need for comfort both for body and for the eye.
•In addition, Most post-modernists works are small
buildings such as houses and stores.
Naturally, we have a
Good view & feeling in
greeneries.
Landscape design
must be well
integrated!
C. Landscape
Architecture
Landscape Architecture is concerned
with design of land and water to be used
by the society, which is a reflection of
dynamic, natural and social systems.
Historically, there are four
definable practices & related types
with landscape arch’re.
a) Landscape evaluation and planning
b) Site planning
c) Detailed landscape design
d) Urban design
Major challenges to be solved in landscape
Arch. are natural hazards, disasters and
environmental conditions like Erosion flood,
earthquakes, creates land cracks usually.
solutions to be taken for those challenges;
• Construction of dams
• Retaining wall construction
• Planting trees
• Better Design criteria like layout orientation
Related terms to landscape Arch’re
Earth’s natural system includes;
Networks-how life and planetary system are connected to
each-other
Cycles- how matter gets used over and over again
Flows- how matter and energy move from place to place
Balance- how change is regulated.
Sustainable architecture;
Creating suitable condition for the natural
environment without affecting the above systems.
expresses the development that meets the need of
the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own need.
Green building is the practice of use of green resources in
our building namely;
energy
material and
water with increased efficiency
in buildings;
Recycling is the practice of recovering used materials
from waste stream and then incorporating those
same materials into manufacturing process.
Vernacular architecture is a category of
architecture based on local needs, construction
materials and reflecting local traditions.
