Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Review
Hazard
A phenomenon, situation or
substance that has the
potential to cause harm or
loss of life.
Disaster
It is a serious disruption and
functioning of community or
society after exposing to
hazards.
Factors which underlie to
Disaster
► Climate change
► Environmental Degradation
► Poverty and Inequality
► Poorly Planned and Managed Urban
Development
► Weak Governance
Effects of Disaster
►Displacement of population
►Health risk
►Food scarcity
►Emotional aftershocks
The Different Perspectives of
Disaster
► Physical Perspective
► Psychological Perspective
► Socio-cultural Perspective
► Economic Perspective
► Political Perspective
► Biological Perspective
Disaster Risk
It is the result of the combination of
exposure to hazards, vulnerability and lack
of preventions to different types of
hazards.
H+E+V
Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction
Quarter 1:
Exposure and
Vulnerability
What I Know
►Direction: Choose the letter of
the best answer.
1. What are the three phases of disaster
management planning for vulnerable community
to make it less susceptible?
a. planning, evacuating, and recovery
b. preparation, response, and recovery
c. evacuating, rebuilding, and recovery
d. preparation, planning, and perception
2. Risk is a situation where in a community is
being exposed to danger. What are the two factors
that affect the risk level of a community?
a. alert and alarm
b. hazards and threats
c. hazard and vulnerability
3. Which group belongs to the most vulnerable?
a. professionals
b. indigenous people
c. government officials
d. small entrepreneurs
4. It refers to the community’s ability to reduce
vulnerability through
prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery.
a. disaster
b. hazard
c. resiliency
D. risk
5. Complete the sentence. High vulnerability level and
high hazard
status are associated with_______________.
a. low disaster risk
b. high disaster risk
c. medium disaster risk
d. none of the above
6. Which statement best describes vulnerability?
a. Vulnerability can cause the loss of life or injury,
property damage.
b. Vulnerability is a potentially damaging physical event,
phenomenon, or human activity .
c. Vulnerability can generate social and economic
disruption or environmental degradation .
d. Vulnerability is the susceptibility of an individual or a
7. All the following can increase the level of vulnerability
EXCEPT _________.
a. very populated areas/community
b. insufficient fund for relief operations
c. inadequate facilities for immediate disaster response
d. community provides accessible services and facilities
for response
8. Increased human population can sometimes result to
_____________.
a. lowered risk
b. less exposure
c. decreased hazard
d. increased vulnerability
9. What could be the possible reason why urban region is
more vulnerable to COVID-19 than the rural region?
a. Urban region has more population than rural region.
b. Rural region has more population than urban region.
c. Rural region has higher population density than urban
region.
d. Urban region has higher population density than rural
region.
10. What element is exposed to hazard during typhoon
when the houses are
destroyed?
a. economical
b. environmental
c. physical
Tropical Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu
❖ March 14, 2015
❖ Category 5 Typhoon (249km/h or higher)
❖ 188,000 people are affected
❖ 6 provinces of the country are been destroyed from
50%-90%
❖ Flooding and Storm Surges
Tropical Cyclone Ian in Tonga
❖ January of 2014
❖ Category 5 Typhoon (249 km/h or higher)
❖ Damage worth 48 million USD
❖ 80% of the countries is affected
Super Typhoon Yolanda in
Philippines
❖ November 8, 2013
❖ Category 5 Typhoon (249 km/h or higher)
❖ Most Powerful Typhoon in the history of mankind
❖ 90% of the Province of Leyte has been destroyed
❖ 14 million people are affected and 6000 are found dead
❖ 5 billion USD worth of damage.
Why these countries are at-risk?
Because they have a higher chance or
probability of having disaster due to exposure
and vulnerability.
Why they are expose and vulnerable?
►Types of hazards present
►Geographic location
►Risk Factors (climate change,
environmental degradation etc.)
►Population (Children, PWDs, Elderly)
►Response and Risk Reduction
Activity
Direction: Read the story below and
answer the questions that follow.
Nick and Gary who were neighbors are both
students of Looc National High School. Due to the
forecasted typhoon the night before, some waited for
the announcement of classes suspension.
Unfortunately, there was no announcement. Nick
decided to go to school bringing his books, notebooks,
and laboratory materials. On the other hand, Gary also
decided to go to school bringing not only his books,
notebooks, and laboratory materials but also flashlight,
whistle, and some supplies of food and water. Due to
bad weather, the school janitor blocked off the
entrances and exits because the grounds were flooded.
So, Nick and Gary were stranded in a covered court
Guide Questions:
1. Who do you think is more vulnerable?
Nick or Gary? Why do you think so?
2. In the story presented about Nick and
Gary, what were the actions taken by
one student that made him less
vulnerable to flood? What were the
reasons why the other student became
What is Exposure and
Vulnerability?
Vulnerability
Vulnerability can determine the ability of a person or
a group to predict, cope with, resist and recover
from the effects of a natural or human-induced
threat. As vulnerability increases, it means that the
population is at greater risk of suffering from a
severe natural danger.
Things to consider:
❖Infrastructure
❖Economic power
❖Manpower
❖Types of population
❖Government
❖Education
Four Main Types of Vulnerability
1. Physical Vulnerability infrastructure and population.
Example: Wooden homes are less likely to collapse in
an earthquake but are more vulnerable to fire.
Four Main Types of Vulnerability
2. Social Vulnerability refers to the inability of people,
organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts
to hazard due to characteristics inherent in social
interactions, institutions of cultural values.
Example: When flooding occurs, some citizen such as
children, elderly, and differently-able may be unable to
protect themselves or evacuate if necessary.
Four Main Types of Vulnerability
3. Economic Vulnerability (socio-economic factors)
Example: Poorer families may live in squatter
settlements because they cannot afford to live in safer
(more expensive) areas.
Four Main Types of Vulnerability
4. Environmental Vulnerability. Natural resource
depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of
environmental vulnerability.
Example: Wetlands, are sensitive to increasing salinity
from sea water, and pollution from storm water
runoff containing agricultural chemicals, eroded soils,
etc.
Activity
Direction: Classify the following
phrases and sentences whether it
is PHYSICAL, SOCIAL,
ECONOMICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL
VULNERABILITY.
Activity
1. shutdown of telecommunication tower
2. houses built near fault lines
3. denudation of forests
4. rest houses near Boracay shoreline
5. Twenty-story building constructed on
soil mainly made up of clay.
Activity
6. bridges with cracks and crevices
7. overfertilization of agricultural soil
8. Lost of job due to COVID-19 pandemic.
9. possible retrenchment of ABS CBN
employees due to its shutdown
10.Destruction of coral reefs that serves
as barriers against storm surge.
Exposure
It refers to which affected by natural disasters,
such as people and property.
Three Components that defines exposure:
1. People, Properties, Systems and Other Elements
(tangible or intangible)
2. Located in Identified Hazard Zones.
3. Potential Losses
How to Reduced Exposure?
►Prevention (steps to eliminate hazards)
►Mitigation (steps to reduced the
hazards)
►Adaptation (modifications)
What are the relationship
of hazards, exposure and
vulnerability to disaster
risk?
What are the different
sectors that are vulnerable
in times of disaster?
Activity:
Directions: You were just a Grade 12
student but elected as batang kagawad
in your community. You need to propose
a project that you want to impose, What
ways or actions are you going to
implement in your community to help
and make it less vulnerable to hazard?
Sample
Name of project: EDULIGTAS PARA SA LAHAT
Objectives: Its primary goal is to be able to develop a consistent program
that will assist individuals in being informed about the things that they
need to undertake. According to the findings, disaster education is a
functional, operational, and cost-effective approach for risk management
that is both practical and affordable. According to some studies, it is critical
for vulnerable populations to be informed about disasters. To teach
vulnerable individuals, there are a variety of approaches that may be used,
none of which is superior to another. The potential for chaos and
uncertainty exists whenever a catastrophe occurs – whether it is caused by
a storm, a flood, an act of domestic terrorism, a tornado, or a fire. Effective
disaster planning may assist to lessen some of the disruption caused by an
unforeseen catastrophe by preparing ahead of time. All residents must
Sample
Reducing the vulnerability of a community to hazards is what we
need to lessen their exposure and mitigate disaster risks. As an
elected batang kagawad, I will utilize my knowledge as a Grade 12
student for the projects that I intend to propose for the safety of my
fellow youth and their families. In this sense, I will use my power as
a leader to encourage adolescents to take part in a program that
aims to identify all the areas that are vulnerable due to physical,
economic and environmental factors. Following the conducting of an
interview or survey to the representatives of each household, the
data that we'll gather will serve as the key to enhance preparedness
and disaster response. Our organization will use the government
fund to disseminate construction materials that can withstand
typhoon, flood, earthquakes and fire. Additionally, we'll create
Activity
Direction: Write at least 300 words essay to
describe the poster below. How can you relate
this to vulnerability?
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