INTRODUCTION
TO NETWORK
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the Lesson the student must be able to:
1. Define Computer network and Data Communication
concepts;
2. LAN cable routes in accordance with network design
through diagram
3. Differentiate LAN and WAN network connection.
NETWORK TERMS:
Network Server
• is a powerful computer whose sole purpose is to
serve network clients.
Peers
• mean any computer sharing the same protocol
layer with another computer.
Workstation
• is any network computer that connects to and
request resources from a network.
NETWORK TERMS:
Protocol
• refers to the specific standards governing
the sending and receiving of data.
Server
• is the computer on the network that
manages the network resources, such as
the shared files, programs and printers?
NETWORK
•refer to any interconnected group or
system.
•is any method of sharing information
between two systems (human or
mechanical).
•A network consists of two or more
computers that are linked in order to share
BASIC TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
• is a computer network used for
communication among computer
devices close to one person.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
• the smallest of the three network types, consists of
PCs connected together within a limited area, such
as within the same building, floor or department.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
• is a network that spans no more than 50 miles.
It is design to connect LANs spanning a town or
city
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
• is used to distribute information thousands of miles
among thousands of users.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Server/Client
• use a network operating system to
manage the entire work.
peer-to-peer
• no centralized computer oversees the
networks, no server, and computers
simply connect with each other in a
network group to share files, printers, and
internet access.
BENEFITS OF SHARING
INFORMATION VIA NETWORK
• Software and data files can be shared for
access by multiple users
• Electronic mail (email) can be sent and
received
• Collaboration features allow
contributions by multiple users to a
single document
• Remote-control programs can be used to
LAN TOPOLOGIES
• Physical
Describes the geometric arrangement of components
that make up the LAN
How devices appear connected to the user
• Logical
Describes the possible connections between pairs of
networked end-points that can communicate
How they are actually interconnected with wires and
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cables
LAN TOPOLOGIES(PHYSICAL)
1)Bus
2)Star
3)Ring
4)Mesh
5)Internet
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BUS TOPOLOGY
•All networked nodes are interconnected, peer to
peer, using a single, open-ended cable
•Both ends of the bus must be terminated with a
terminating resistor to prevent signal bounce
•Once the line was broken all network will be
affected
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BUS TOPOLOGY
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RING TOPOLOGY
•started out as a simple peer-to-peer LAN topology
•Each networked workstation had two connections:
one to each of its nearest neighbors
•Data was transmitted unidirectionally around the
ring
•Sending and receiving of data takes place by the
help of TOKEN 21
RING TOPOLOGY
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STAR TOPOLOGY
• Have connections to networked devices that “radiate” out
form a common point
• Each networked device in star topology can access the
media independently
• Have become the dominant topology type in contemporary
LANs
• Stars have made buses and rings obsolete in LAN
topologies 24
STAR TOPOLOGY
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FULL-MESH TOPOLOGY
• Use dynamic routing protocols
• One application would be to provide
interconnectivity for a limited number of routers that
require high network availability
• Another potential application is to fully mesh just
parts of the WAN, such as the backbone of a
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multitiered WAN or tightly coupled work centers
FULL-MESH TOPOLOGY
User Location A
T1
T1
T1
T1
T1 T1 User Location C
User Location B
User Location D 27
PARTIAL-MESH
User Location A
T1
T1
T1
T1
User Location C
User Location B
User Location D 28
THREE-TIERED TOPOLOGY
• WANs that need to interconnect a very large
number of sites, or are built using smaller
routers that can support only a few serial
connections, may find the two-tiered
architecture insufficiently scalable.
• Therefore, adding a third tier may well provide
the additional scalability they require
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THREE-TIERED
User Location A
Backbone tier
T1
T1 T1
User Location D
User Location B
T1 T1 T1
56Kb 56Kb
Concentrator tier User Location C
User Tier
User Location E User Location F User Location G User Location H
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ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE OF THREE-
TIERED
• Advantage:
A three-tiered WAN constructed with dedicated
facilities offers even greater fault tolerance and
scalability than the two-tiered topology
• Disadvantage:
Three-tiered networks are expensive to build,
operate and maintain
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SUMMARY
Topology remains an important part of network
design theory. You can probably build a home or
small business computer network without
understanding the difference between a bus
design and a star design, but becoming familiar
with the standard topologies gives you a better
understanding of important networking concepts
like hubs, broadcasts, and routes.
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• Group 1 - Network topology (Star Topology)
• Group 2 - Network topology (Ring Topology)
• Group 3 - Network topology (Bus Topology)
• Group 4 – Network topology (Mesh Topology)
• Group 6 - Network Communications Technology
(Internet)
• Origin
• Examples (pictures)
• Definitions
ACTIVITY I
•What is a network?
•What are the three basic types of network?
•What is the difference between LAN and
WAN?
ACTIVITY II (NETWORKING DIAGRAM)
1. Draw an example of a network / networking.
2. Use only common shapes (ex. line, square,
circle or rectangle) to represent the actual
figures /objects.
3. Indicate the name of network drawn.
SENARIO
• Your mother wants to transfer files from her
smartphone to her new laptop. What possible
network connection can be used to do the job
since both devices capable to connect via wireless
transmission? Explain your answer and give the
steps how smartphone connects to laptop.
