ENGLISH COURSE
• Designed to Second year information and communication
• Prepared by Dr. Yasmine Chafai
Unit 1
JOURNALISM AND ITS TYPES
Introduction
• What is journalism, exactly? Journalism is the process of
gathering, organizing, and distributing news. It is completed
along with related commentary and feature materials through
print and electronic media, including newspapers, books, blogs,
webcasts, podcasts, magazines, social networking and social
media sites, radio, movies, and television.
• The words "journalist," "journal," and "journalism" are all
derivations of the French word "journal," which is derived from
the Latin word "diurnalis," or "daily."
Definition of Journalism
Journalism is defined as “the work of collecting, writing, and
publishing news stories and articles in newspapers and
magazines or broadcasting them on the radio and television”.
Types of Journalism
1. Print Journalism: is a practice of reporting and publishing true events in
the form of newspapers, magazines, or any other written format to a large
audience.
Examples of Print Journalism: newspapers, magazines, posters and journals.
2. Broadcast Journalism: is the production and delivery of news stories via
radio,
TV, or online.
Examples of Broadcast Journalism: television news programs, radio news
broadcasting, live reporting, documentaries, interview programs and
podcasts.
3. Digital Journalism: It is also known as “online journalism” which is a
contemporary form of journalism where editorial content is distributed
via the Internet as opposed to publishing via print or broadcast.
Examples of digital journalism: social networking sites and blogs.
Comparison between Its
Types
Print journalism is limited to visual communication including
newspapers, magazines, and billboards, it involves writers and editors;
broadcast journalism used audio and audiovisual communications
including television, radio, and the internet; whereas, digital media
has a global audience resulting in a larger number of target audiences
due to the internet that allows anyone to access any content anywhere
in the world.
Unit 2
PRINT MEDIA IN ALGERIA
The written press in Algeria publishes in three languages: Arabic,
French and Tamazight.
The majority of print publications are privately owned.
The print press also publishes online, on a daily basis.
The Algerian state owns about six newspapers, compared with about
144 privately-owned newspapers in Algeria.
One of the two largest private newspapers in Algeria are: El-Watan (a
French-language newspaper) and El-Khabar (an Arabic-language
newspaper).
Unit 3
BROADCAST MEDIA IN
ALGERIA
Radio and television media play an important role in Algeria, both as
sources of information and entertainment.
Television in Algeria was introduced in the 1960s.
Entreprise nationale de télévision (ENTV) is the national entity that oversees
public television broadcasting.
The most popular Algerian TV channels are as the following: ENTV, Canal
Algerie, TVA3, Tamazight TV, Coran TV, Echorouk TV, Echorouk News
Channel, El Djazairiya TV, El Heddaf TV and Ennahar TV.
Radio in Algeria dates back to the 1930s, and the country has several
national and regional radio stations.
The state-owned Algerian Radio and Television Corporation (ERTA) operates
several national and regional radio stations, including Chaine 1, Chaine 2,
and Chaine 3.
Unit 4
NEWS AND INFORMATION
What is News?
News is defined as “information that is published in
newspapers and broadcast on radio and television about
recent events in the country or world or in a
particular area of activity”.
What is Information?
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
describes information as “any communication or
representation of knowledge such as facts, data or opinions
in any medium or form, including textual, numerical,
graphic, cartographic, narrative or audiovisual”.
Comparison between News and
Information
News is presentation of facts about an event or incident that has
just taken place or is taking place whereas information is general
and it is not that urgent.
News is designed to report and spread knowledge on a subject that
is currently affecting people, while information is just facts about
any subject.
Unit 5
Types of News
Hard News & Soft News
Hard News is the serious stuff, covering important topics
like politics, economics, and scientific breakthroughs. It
requires careful thought and sparks important
conversations.
Soft News is the lighter side, sharing stories about
people, celebrities, and lifestyles. It gives us a break and
helps us connect on a personal level.
The Difference between Hard News &
Soft News
• Subject Matter: Hard news focuses on crucial and serious matters like
politics, economics, and public safety, while soft news covers lighter and
entertaining topics such as lifestyle, culture, sports, and human-interest
stories.
• Urgency: Hard news tells us about things that are happening right now
and are really important, like breaking news, whereas, soft news is more
relaxed and doesn’t need to be reported right away.
• Objectivity vs. Subjectivity: In hard news, reporters have to stick to the
facts without giving their own thoughts or feelings. Soft news is more
flexible – reporters can share their opinions, stories, jokes, and feelings to
make the news interesting.
• Impact: In hard news, the stories can directly affect people and
society, influencing decisions and what people talk about. Soft news,
on the other hand, might not have a direct impact but can touch our
feelings and entertain us personally.
• Sources and Interviews: In hard news, they get information from
important people, experts, and interviews with key figures to make
sure the news is accurate and trustworthy, soft news, on the other
hand, often uses more casual sources, personal interviews, and
stories to make the news feel more human and connect with the
audience emotionally.
• Geographical Scope: In hard news, they look at big events
happening everywhere, talking about national and international stuff
that matters to a lot of people. Soft news, however, might focus more
on local or specific interests, keeping things relevant to certain
communities or regions.
