Disaster Management
Topic:Manmade Disaster
Date:- 18/04/2022
Guided By: Prof. Bina Patel and Prof. Yogesh Gajera
Presented By: Aakanksha Dave
What is Disaster?
Types of Disaster
CONTENTS: Disaster Effects
Manmade Disaster
Case studies
•Definition According to DM Act,
• Disaster means a, catastrophe,
mishap, calamity or grave
occurrence in any area, arising
from natural or manmade causes.
•General Definition,
WHAT IS
DIS ASTER? • Disasters are serious disruptions to
the functioning of a community
that exceed its capacity to cope
using its own resources. Disasters
can be caused by natural, man-made
and technological hazards, as well as
various factors that influence the
exposure and vulnerability of a
community.
TYPES OF
DISASTER
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
Increase in
Psychologica
Death Disability communicab
l Problems
le disease
Shortage of
Food Socioecono drug and Environment
shortage mic losses medical al disruption
supplies
• Man-made disasters have an
element of human intent,
negligence, or error involving a
failure of a man-made system, as
MANMADE opposed to natural disasters
DISASTER resulting from natural hazards. Such
man-made disasters are crime,
arson, civil disorder, terrorism,
war, biological/chemical threat,
cyber-attacks, etc.
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
• It is a type of explosion deriving • Common indicators of these
its force from nuclear reaction of disaster are vomiting, nausea,
fission and fusion. When this dizziness etc.
type of accident occurs, it is
• Don't look at fire as it causes
often as a result of intent and the
instant blindness.
end results are even more
catastrophic with a large • Cover all food and water and
percentage of those involved listen to government orders.
losing their lives.
CHEMICAL DISASTERS
• Disasters that are caused by the • Industries using harmful and
excessive use and misuse of powerful chemicals should be
chemicals in industries are called located far away from residential
chemical disasters. The areas.
irresponsible handling of
• There should be surveys to keep
powerful chemicals can cause
a check on their activity.
widespread devastation. The
impact of chemical accidents can • The government should
be deadly for both human beings formulate an emergency plan in
and the environment. case of an accident.
• Pollution levels should be
checked regularly
EPIDEMIC
• Epidemic occurs when a disease • Ensure safe drinking water,
attacks a large number of people sanitation after a disaster.
at one time. It spreads at rapid
• Health workers should be
rate among human population.
trained.
Most of diseases are spread after
natural disaster like tsunami • Covering all stored water
flood etc. containers.
• A surveillance should be
established to detect outbreaks.
TERRORISM
• This is another type of disaster • We must inform police if we
that results in loss of life and come across any suspected
property. Terrorists use violence group of people.
and strike without warning. They
• We must stay away from
use bombs, guns etc to terrorize
suspicious things and inform
people.
police about that.
• Do not accept packages from
strangers.
• Do not leave luggage unattended
while travelling.
CASE STUDIES
THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT
• Located 11 miles north of the city of chernobyl
• Produced 10% of Ukraine’s electricity
• April 26,1986, Operator error causes a reactor explosion
• Explosion releases 190tons of radioactive gases into atmosphere
• Fire lasts for 10 days
• The accident occurred during a safety test on the steam turbine.
During a test decrease of reactor power in preparation for the test,
the power output unexpectedly dropped to near-zero. The operators
were unable to restore the power level specified by the test program,
which put the reactor in an unstable condition. This risk was not made
evident in the operating instructions, so the operators proceeded with
the test. Upon test completion, the operators triggered a reactor
shutdown. However, a combination of operator negligence and critical
design flaws had made the reactor primed to explode. Instead of
shutting down, an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction began,
releasing enormous amounts of energy.
BHOPAL GAS
TRAGEDY, 1984
Happened in the night of 2nd & 3rd December
1984 when a pesticide plant of Union Carbide
India Limited’s (UCIL) spewed about forty to
forty-five tons of highly lethal MIC gas in
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
•One of the worst industrial disaster in human
history
•Among people, who were exposed to the gas:
•25,000 people died
•558,125 injured
•120,000 continue to suffer devastating health
effects
RUSSIA VS UKRAINE
• At the heart of the current crisis between Russia and Ukraine is NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) – a group of 30 countries including
the US, UK, France, and Germany.
• Ukraine wants to join this group of which the United States, the arch-
rival of Russia, is a part. The NATO, too, is open to make Ukraine its
member, which has irked the Moscow big time.
• Russia doesn't want NATO to allow Ukraine to become its member as it
will expand the grouping's footprint to its border. The other big reason
is that a member country of NATO will be eligible for collective support
by all members in case of any external attack.
• Kyiv fears attack by Russia as the latter has already annexed Crimea
from Ukrain
• As per the principle of collective defence, NATO considers
an attack against one or several of its members as an
attack against all. This is the principle of collective
defence, which is enshrined in Article 5 of the Washington
Treaty.
• This is why Russia opposes NATO membership to Ukraine.
It thinks that if Ukraine becomes member of NATO, it
might try to take back Crimea by military action.
• The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Human Rights (OHCHR) verified a total of 1,932 civilian
deaths during Russia's military attack on Ukraine as of
April 12, 2022. Of them, 157 were children. Furthermore,
2,589 people were reported to have been injured.
THANK YOU
THERE ARE DISASTERS THAT ARE ENTIRELY
MANMADE, BUT NONE THAT ARE ENTIRELY NATURAL.
