Fire Protection System
Presented by
Waruna Amarasinghe
Fire Hydrants System
Component of Fire Hydrants System.
• 1. Landing Valve
• 2. Hose Reel
• 3.Ring Main
• 4. Fire department breeding Inlet
• 5. Fire Pump Sets
Single line for Fire Hydrants System
RISING MAINS
• Any building in which the floor level of the highest
storey is higher than 18 meters above pavement or
ground level, shall be equipped with wet Rising
Mains.
There shall be at least one rising main to every
900m2 or part there of floor area on each storey,
which higher than 18m above pavement or ground
level.
They may be so positioned that all parts of any
floor space shall be within 60 meters from a rising
main on any storey which is higher than 18 meters
above pavement or ground level.
• The diameter of the rising main should be not
less than 100mm for Medium Rise buildings,
and not less than 150mm for High Rise
buildings.
• The water supply for the landing valves and the
hose reels should be independent, and should
not be combined with any other supplies not
included for fire fighting.
• The rising mains and all associated pipe work
should be wrought steel heavy duty, and
“elbow bends” should not be used.
• The rising main should be provided with and
Landing Valves
• The locating of Wet Risers and Landing Valves
should be as follows:
Rising mains should be housed in a dedicated fire
duct
Rising mains should be not more than 60 meters
apart in a horizontal direction.
No part of any floor should be more than 60 meters
from a Landing valve.
Within a ventilated lobby, or in a stairway enclosure
Landing valves
• Landing valves should be installed as follows:
• They should be protected from mechanical damage.
• The lowest point approximately between 750mm to
1200mm above floor level, not less than 150mm
clearance on both sides, not less than 230mm below the
centre line of the outlet of the landing valve, not less
than 200mm clearance above the hand wheel, and the
from edge of the female coupling of the landing valve
should not be not more than 75mm behind the face of
the wall.
Landing Valve location-Not Acceptable
Landing Valve location-Acceptable
Hose Reel
• At least one hydraulic hose reel conforming to the provisions of
this regulation shall be provided in every storey of every building
except the following
• A building of purpose group 1 which does not exceed four
stories (and does not exceed a maximum height of 18m).
• A shop on the ground storey of a shop-cum-residential building
provided the shop does not exceed 280m2 in floor area and is
properly separated from the residential floors or parts of the
building by compartment walls and floors.
• A petrol service station comprising a small office of the like.
• Any other building which is less than 300square feet in area
does not require a hose reel.
Hose Reel
• Hose reels should be sited in prominent position
approved by the authorities, in each storey
along escape routes, preferably in corridors in
such a way that the nozzle at the end can be
taken within 6m of all portions of the buildings.
• Every hose reel shall conform to the
specifications of BS 3169 or other accepted
standards.
• The hose reel cabinets should not be locked.
EXTERNAL HYDRANTS
• (a) Every Building shall be located within 100 meters of a public hydrant. Where
there is no public hydrant available within 100 meters of a factory building,
commercial complex or any building in a housing estate, external hydrants shall be
provided within the factory or complex premises or within the housing estate
respectively to the satisfaction of the Urban Development Authority.
• In areas where there is no Public Fire Brigade and no Town Fire Hydrant System a
Private Hydrants should be installed. The Private Hydrant System must comply
with the following stipulations:
• They should be sited so that they will not obstruct vehicular traffic.
• They should be part of a ring main
• They should be sited not more than 70 meters from the entry to the building.
• They should be not more than 150 meters apart.
• They should be not more less than 6 meters from the fire risk.
• A dedicated fire water sump with a capacity of 67,500 liters fire fighting.
• A Fire Pump Set.
Fire Pumps
ELECTRIC DRIVEN PUMPS – NFPA-20
Power -
• Shall be supplied by a reliable source or two or
more independent sources.
• An approved combination of two or more of
power sources
• One of the approval on site stand by generator
Power supply Lines -
• Dedicated power supply for the fire pumps
• Protected to resist possible damage by fire,
structural failure
Fire Pumps
• Electrical characteristic of circuit breakers
• Continuous current rating not less than 115% of the
rated full-load current of the motor
• Over current sensing elements of the non thermal type
• Instantaneous short-circuit over current protection
• An instantaneous trip setting of not more than 20 times
of the full load current
• Starting and controller -
– An automatic controller shall be self acting to short run
– Automatic system shall be,
– Pressure switch activated
– Non pressure switch activated
HOSE REEL SYSTEM DESIGN CONASIDERATION
1. One hose reel for 900m2
2. Minimum 2 Hose Reel one operate simultaneously
3. The discharge is not less than 0.5 l/s
For 2 Hose Reel
Q = 2 × 0.5 l/s
= 1 l/s
4. Water pressure of the nozzle = = 200kpa
5. Diameter of the supply pipe not less than 50mm,
if h ≤ 15m dim= 50mm
if h ≥ 15m dim= 65mm
6. The hose reel connector 25mm
7. Nozzle diameter 8mm to 13mm
8. Hose reel one expect to water for 2hr
• Storage capacity =2 × 0.5 × 60 × 60 × 2hr
=7.2m3
≈10m3
9. Duplicate pump is also provided
10. Minimum discharge for fire pump design will
be more than double of the requirement
11. If requirement Water Hammer devise are also
fitted
FIRE HYDRANTS SYSTEM DESIGN
CONASIDERATION
1. One hose reel for 900m2
2. Minimum 2 Hydrants one operate simultaneously
3. The discharge is not less than 4 l/s
For 2 Hose Reel
Q = 2 × 4 l/s
= 8 l/s
4. Water pressure of the nozzle = 410kpa
5. The Maximum Height 60 m
when h≥ 60m need additional boosting
6. Riser Dim
Building Height h ≤ 45m dim = 100mm
Building Height h ≥ 45m dim = 150mm
7. Nozzle diameter 8mm to 13mm
8. Hydrant one expect to water for 2hr
• Storage capacity =2 × 4 × 60 × 60 × 2hr/1000
=57.6m3
≈60m3
9. Duplicate pump is also provided (Duty & Standby)
10. Minimum discharge for fire pump design will be more
than double of the requirement
11. If requirement Water Hammer devise are also fitted
