PHYSICS – Forces 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.5.1 Effects of forces Supplement
Core • State Hooke’s Law and recall and
• Recognise that a force may use the expression F = k x, where k is
produce a change in size and shape the spring constant
of a body • Recognise the significance of the
• Plot and interpret extension-load ‘limit of proportionality’ for an
graphs and describe the associated extension-load graph
experimental procedure • Recall and use the relation between
• Describe the ways in which a force force, mass and acceleration
may change the motion of a body (including the direction), F = ma
• Find the resultant of two or more • Describe qualitatively motion in a
forces acting along the same line circular path due to a perpendicular
• Recognise that if there is no force
resultant force on a body it either
remains at rest or continues at
constant speed in a straight line
• Understand friction as the force
between two surfaces which
impedes motion and results in
heating
• Recognise air resistance as a form
of friction
What is a force?
A force is a “push” or a “pull”. Some common examples:
WEIGHT – pulls
things
downwards
What is a force?
A force is a “push” or a “pull”. Some common examples:
An equal and
opposite force,
perpendicular to the
surface (at right
angles to) prevents
the man from
penetrating the
What is a force?
A force is a “push” or a “pull”. Some common examples:
AIR RESISTANCE (drag) – acts
WEIGHT – pulls against anything moving
things through air
downwards
FRICTION – acts against
anything moving
UPTHRUST – keeps things
• Strain force- The force exerted when the
elastic materials are deformed. This force
restores the original shape of the deformed
material.
• Tension -is a strain force that is exerted by a
stretched spring, rope or string.
Thrust
• Thrust pushes a car or plane forwards.
Types of Non Contact force
Electrostatic Magnetic
force force
Gravitational
force
Forces are vector quantities
because they have both size
and direction.
Forces are vector quantities
because they have both size
and direction.
SI units
Forces are measured in
newtons (N)
Forces are vector quantities
because they have both size
and direction.
SI units
Forces are measured in
newtons (N)
Small forces can be
measured using a spring
balance (or newton meter)
Balanced forces If forces are in balance, then
they cancel each other out, and
the object behaves as if there is
no force on it at all
Balanced forces If forces are in balance, then
they cancel each other out, and
the object behaves as if there is
no force on it at all
When terminal velocity is
reached, the skydiver is falling at
a steady speed. The force of air
resistance is exactly balanced by
the weight of a
Balanced or unbalanced
forces?
What will A
happen in
each case?
B
D
Balanced and Unbalanced
Forces
Balanced forces:
If the forces acting on an object are balanced then the
object will either remain stationary or continue to
move with a constant speed.
Balanced and Unbalanced
Forces
Balanced forces:
If the forces acting on an object are balanced then the
object will either remain stationary or continue to
move with a constant speed.
Unbalanced forces:
If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced then
the object will change its speed. It will begin to move,
speed up, slow down or stop.
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Newton’s first law of
motion
If no external force is acting on
it, and object will:
- If stationary, remain
stationary
- If moving, keep moving at a
steady speed in a straight
line.
Newton’s first law of
motion
If no external force is acting on
it, and object will:
- If stationary, remain
stationary
- If moving, keep moving at a
steady speed in a straight
line.
In space, where there are
no external forces, a
satellite will continue to
move at a steady speed in
a straight line …. for ever!
Force, mass
and
acceleration
Force, mass and
acceleration are related by
the formula:
Force, mass and
acceleration are related by
the formula:
FORCE (N) = MASS (kg) x ACCELERATION (m/s2)
Force, mass and
acceleration are related by
the formula:
FORCE (N) = MASS (kg) x ACCELERATION (m/s2)
Newton’s second law of
motion
The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon
two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the
object.
Force, mass and
acceleration are related by
the formula:
FORCE (N) = MASS (kg) x ACCELERATION (m/s2)
m x a
Force, mass and
acceleration are related by
the formula:
FORCE (N) = MASS (kg) x ACCELERATION (m/s2)
Now an
example try
we must!
F
m x a
Mass =
3kg
Frictional force = 12N Motor force = 20N
Mass =
3kg
Frictional force = 12N Motor force = 20N
Resultant force = 20 – 12 = 8N (to the right)
Acceleration = F / m
a = 8 / 3 = 2.67m/s2
