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Image Compression

The document discusses image compression, which reduces data size by eliminating redundant information. It outlines two types of compression: lossless, which retains all information, and lossy, which sacrifices some data for smaller sizes. Additionally, it describes data redundancies, compression models, and the role of image formats and standards in digital imaging.

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17 views11 pages

Image Compression

The document discusses image compression, which reduces data size by eliminating redundant information. It outlines two types of compression: lossless, which retains all information, and lossy, which sacrifices some data for smaller sizes. Additionally, it describes data redundancies, compression models, and the role of image formats and standards in digital imaging.

Uploaded by

shibilbasith4u
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IMAGE

COMPRESSION
FUNDAMENTALS

• The term data compression refers to the process of reducing the


amount of data required to represent a given quantity of information.
• Data contains irrelevant or repeated information called redundant data.
• The images are compressed routinely to save storage space and
reduce transmission time.
Let b and b’ represent the number of bits in 2 representations of the same
information,, the Relative data redundancy R of the representation with b bits is

R = 1 - 1/C

Where C commonly known as compression ratio , is defined as C = b/b

• b = b’, R=0,and C = 1, no data redundancy


• If b>>b’ ,C>>1 then R =~1 ,highly redundant data
TYPES OF COMPRESSION

Lossless compression
• This do not loss any information.
• For e.g. Run-length coding, Huffman coding,LZW coding
Lossy compression
• This losses part of information in a controlled way.
• For e.g.. JPEG,MPEG,MP3 etc.
DATA REDUNDANCIES

1. Coding redundancy : A code is a system of symbols used to


represent a body of information. Each piece of information is assigned
a sequence of code symbols, called code word. The number of
symbols in each code word is its length.
2. Spatial and temporal redundancy : Because pixels of most 2 – D
intensity arrays are correlated spatially, information is unnecessarily
replicated in the representations of the correlated pixels.
3. Irrelevant information : Most 2 – D intensity arrays contain
information that is ignored by the human visual system. It is
redundant in the sense that it is not used.
IMAGE COMPRESSION MODELS

• An image compression system consists of 2 distinct functional


components: encoder and decoder. The encoder performs compression
and the decoder performs the complementary operation of
decompression.
• Input image f(x,....)is fed into the encoder, which creates a compressed
representation of the input. This representation is stored for later use,
or transmitted for storage and use at a remote location.
• When the compressed representation is presented to its
complementary decoder, a reconstructed output image f’(x,..) is
generated.
Figure 8.5 - Functional block diagram of a general compression
system
IMAGE FORMATS, CONTAINERS AND
COMPRESSION STANDARDS
• In the context of digital imaging, an image file format is a standard
way to organize and store image data. It defines how the data is
arranged and the type of compression- if any – that is used.
• An image container is similar to a file format but handles multiple
types of image data.
• Image compression standards define procedures for compressing
and decompressing images – i.e., for reducing the amount of data
needed to represent an image.
THANKYOU

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