What have
we
discussed
last
meeting?
● ETHOS, PATHOS, AND LOGOS (3 MODES OF APPEALS) ARE WAYS
TO PERSUADE PEOPLE
● PERSUASIVE ESSAY. INTRODUCTION, BODY, CONCLUSION
● HOW ARE YOU GONNA PERSUADE ME TO BUY YOUR PRODUCT
USING ETHOS LOGOS PATHOS
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, WE WILL
BE ABLE TO:
1. Define logos in our own words and
understanding;
2. Identify the logos used in given scenarios;
and
3. Evaluate the effectiveness of logos in
persuasive arguments by comparing 2
different texts and justifying their choice with
a written response.
The 3 modes of appeal—ethos, pathos,
and logos—are ways to persuade people.
Ethos is about trust and credibility, pathos is
about feelings and emotions, and logos is
about facts and logic. These modes are often
used in speeches, ads, and writing to make
arguments more convincing.
MODES OF
APPEAL; LOGOS
Definition and Etymology of Logos
- The word logos comes from the Greek language,
which means "word," "reason," or "thought.“
- In simple terms, logos is about using logic and
facts to convince someone of an idea.
- It’s one of the 3 main ways to persuade people,
as explained by the ancient Greek philosopher
Aristotle.
When someone uses logos,
they try to make their
argument strong by
including things like:
1. Facts - refer to statements that can be proven
true or verified.
For example: “The Philippines is lowest in reading
comprehension among 79 countries”
When someone uses logos, they
try to make their argument
strong by including things like:
2. Statistics (numbers) - involve numerical data
that support an argument.
For example: As of December 2024, the
Philippines' unemployment rate was 3.1%, with
around 1.63 million people unemployed, while the
employment rate stood at 96.9%.
When someone uses logos, they
try to make their argument
strong by including things like:
3. Examples - use specific, relatable cases
to clarify an argument.
- For example: "Successful businesses like
Jollibee started small but grew through
hard work and innovation" illustrates how
local entrepreneurship thrives.
When someone uses logos, they
try to make their argument
strong by including things like:
4. Logical Explanations - connect ideas in a clear
and reasoned way.
For example: "If a large portion of the population
relies on public transportation, then improving the
transport system will benefit many people."
Logos works by showing that an idea
makes sense and is reasonable. For
example:
A politician might use logos by saying,
“Unemployment has dropped by 10% in
the last year.”
A company might use logos in an ad by
saying, “This toothpaste is recommended
by 9 out of 10 dentists.”
There are 2 main ways people use logic in their
arguments:
SPECIFIC
1.Inductive Reasoning: Starting with specific
examples and then making a general
conclusion.
For example: "All the apples I’ve seen are red,
so most apples must be red."
GENERAL
There are 2 main ways people use logic in their
arguments:
GENERAL
2.Deductive Reasoning: Starting with
a general rule and applying it to a
specific case.
For example: "All humans need
oxygen to live. I am human, so I need
oxygen to live." SPECIFIC
LET’S TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Instructions: Scenarios will be flashed
in the screen. Choose which
statement uses ‘’logos”, and why?
Write your answers in your notebook.
Scenarios for Evaluating Logos
Scenario 1: Climate Change Debate
Imagine you are reading 2 articles about climate
change. The first article includes scientific studies,
statistics on rising temperatures, and expert opinions
from climatologists. The second article is filled with
personal anecdotes and opinions about climate
change without any supporting data.
Which article would you find more credible, and why?
Scenario2: School Lunch Programs
You come across 2 presentations on the
effectiveness of school lunch programs. The first
presentation provides data on improved student
health outcomes and academic performance linked
to nutritious meals. The second presentation shares
the personal views of a few parents about their
children's preferences without any statistical
support.
Which presentation would you trust more?
Scenario3: Technology in Education
You read 2 essays discussing the use of technology in
classrooms. The first essay cites research studies
showing that technology enhances learning and
engagement, along with statistics on student
performance. The second essay mainly expresses the
author's feelings about technology being distracting
without providing any data or examples.
Which essay do you find more convincing?
Scenario 4: Renewable Energy Solutions
You encounter 2 speeches about renewable
energy sources. The first speech includes
statistics on job creation in the renewable
sector and examples of successful projects
from other countries. The second speech
focuses solely on the speaker's beliefs about
renewable energy without citing any facts or
figures.
Which speech would you be more likely to support?
In advertisements you see daily, how
do companies use logos to persuade
you to buy their products? Can you
identify specific examples?
What is the etymology of the word
Logos?
What is the meaning of Logos
in your own understanding?
Bring out ½ sheet of paper. Write your name,
section, and the date today.
Choose which statement applies “logos” (1st
or 2nd). After that, justify why in one complete
sentence
EXAMPLE FORMAT FOR ANSWERING:
1. 1st statement – (One sentence explanation)
Scenario 1: Cereal Advertisement
You see two ads for breakfast cereals.
The first ad claims, "Our cereal has
30% more fiber than the leading
brand, helping you stay full longer,"
and includes a chart comparing fiber
content. The second ad simply
states, "Our cereal tastes better than
all others."
Which ad uses logos, and how does it provide
logical evidence to support its claim?
Scenario 2: Political Debate
During a political debate, one
candidate says, "If we invest in
public transportation, we can
reduce traffic congestion by 40%
based on studies from major
cities." The other candidate argues,
"I just feel that public
transportation is a good idea."
Which statement uses logos, and how does it
use evidence to strengthen the argument?
Scenario 3: Car Commercial
You watch two car commercials.
The first commercial states, "This
model gets 35 miles per gallon,
saving you $500 a year on gas,"
while the second claims, "This car
is the best because I think it looks
great."Which commercial uses logos, and what
evidence does it provide to persuade
Scenario 4: Health Expert
Presentation
In a health seminar, one expert
presents data showing that people
who eat five servings of fruits and
vegetables daily have a 20% lower
risk of heart disease. Another expert
says, "Eating healthy just feels better
to me." Which expert uses logos, and how does
their use of statistics support their
Scenario 5: Fitness Program
Claims
You hear two testimonials about a
fitness program. The first
testimonial states, "90% of
participants reported losing weight
after 3 months on this program,"
while the second simply says, "I
believe this program
Which testimonialworks
uses logos, and how does it
because provide
I feel great."
logical reasoning to support its
