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Mathexponential Functions

The document covers the properties and applications of exponential functions, including their general form and how to simplify and solve exponential equations. It explains the characteristics of graphs of exponential functions, emphasizing their growth and decay in real-world scenarios. Additionally, it provides examples of exponential functions and their significance in various fields such as population growth and radioactive decay.

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10 views18 pages

Mathexponential Functions

The document covers the properties and applications of exponential functions, including their general form and how to simplify and solve exponential equations. It explains the characteristics of graphs of exponential functions, emphasizing their growth and decay in real-world scenarios. Additionally, it provides examples of exponential functions and their significance in various fields such as population growth and radioactive decay.

Uploaded by

jellietfelicilda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exponential Functions

Objectives
To use the properties of exponents to:
 Simplify exponential expressions.
 Solve exponential equations.
To sketch graphs of exponential functions.
Exponential Functions
A polynomial function has the basic form: f (x) = x3

An exponential function has the basic form: f (x) = 3x

An exponential function has the variable in the exponent,


not in the base.

General Form of an Exponential Function:


f (x) = Nx, N > 0
Properties of Exponents
X
X
A A  A Y X Y A XY
Y
 A
A
A 
X Y
 A XY X
A  X
1
A
 AB 
X X X
A B 1 X
X
 A
X
A
X
 A A
   X
 A
X X
Y X
 B B A Y
 A  Y
Properties of Exponents
Simplify: 2 3
2 2  2 32 5

2 6 1 1 4
2 2  2  4 
2 16

2 
3 2
 26 64
Properties of Exponents
3 3 3
 2 2 3 27
Simplify:     3  3 
 3 3 2 8

7
3 1 1
9
3  2 
2

3 3 9

2 8  2 8


1 1 1
2 2 2
 16 2  16 4
1
Exponential Equations
x ( x  1) 1
Solve: 5 125 Solve: 7 7 2
5 x 53 x  1  12
x 3 x  12
Exponential Equations
x x
Solve: 8 2 Solve: 8 4

2 
3 x 1
2 2 
3 x
2 2

3x 1
2 2 3x
2 2 2

3 x 1 3 x 2

x  13 x  23
Exponential Equations
Solve: 
1 x
3 27 Solve: x
1
3
27

3   
3
1 x 1
27 x 3
273
x
3 3 3 x 19,683

 x 3 Not considered an
exponential equation,
because the variable
is now in the base.
x  3
Exponential Equations
3
Solve: x 4 8
Not considered an
 
4
3 3 4
exponential equation,
because the variable
x 4
8 3
is in the base.

 
4
x 38

x 2 
4

x 16
Exponential Functions
General Form of an Exponential Function:
f (x) = Nx, N > 0

g(x) = 2x g(3) = 8
g(2) = 4
x
g(1) = 2
g(0) = 1
g(–1) = 2 1  12
g(–2) = 2 2  2  4
1 1
2x 2
Exponential Functions
g(x) = 2x
x g x 

2 4

1 2
0 1
1
–1 2

1
–2 4
Exponential Functions
g(x) = 2x
Exponential Functions
h(x) = 3x
x h x 

2 9

1 3
0 1
1
–1 3

1
–2 9
Exponential Functions
h(x) = 3x
Exponential Functions
g(x) = 2x (blue) Exponential functions with
positive bases greater than
1 have graphs that are
increasing.

The function never crosses


the x-axis because there is
nothing we can plug in for x
that will yield a zero
answer.
h(x) = 3x (red)

The x-axis is a left


horizontal asymptote.
Exponential Functions
g(x) = 2x (blue) A smaller base means
the graph rises more
gradually.

A larger base means the


graph rises more quickly.

Exponential functions will


h(x) = 3x (red) not have negative bases.
Why study exponential functions?
Exponential functions are used in our real world
to measure growth, interest, and decay.

Growth obeys exponential functions.


Ex: rumors, human population, bacteria,
computer technology, nuclear chain reactions,
compound interest

Decay obeys exponential functions.


Ex: Carbon-14 dating, half-life, Newton’s Law of
Cooling

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