FOUNDATION OF
SHORTHAND
METRO BUSINESS COLLEGE
LESSON 3
Lesson 3
Symbols for the sounds of o, r & l
Minor vowels omitted as an abbreviating
principle
Symbol for the sound of short i
Listening as a communication skill
Sound of o, r & l
The symbols for o, r, l are short forward “under”
curves differentiated by length
Sound of o - The o is a tiny hook
ACTIVITY:
no, know own total tow
owning note dough known
noting home tone mode
Lesson 3
Sound of r – The r is a short forward curve
ACTIVITY:
ray or dear rate near
more write raid row hire
ride rain wrote try
train road tried trade
Sound of l – The l is a long forward curve
ACTIVITY:
lay lane line late
lean date lee lie
mailing leading light low
Lesson 3
Many words contain vowels that are barely
pronounced in ordinary speech, Such vowels
maybe omitted from shorthand outlines if they
do not contribute to speed of readability.
Minor- vowels- omitted –words
later dealer total leader
Trailer title lighter meter
delay reader motor
delight
Sound of short i – it is represented by the
shorthand e symbol , Phonetically they are
same family of sounds
him Tim little hit
Lesson 4
Nine abbreviated words called brief forms
Short and soft vowel sounds of a & e
Some of the most common words have abbreviated
shorthand spellings called brief forms , written
with single shorthand symbols, it is a source of
writing speed.
Examples:
it, at would am
in, not will, well I
are, our, hour of a, an
Brief forms derivatives- some brief forms can be
used for longer words by making the brief forms
plural or past tense or by adding common prefix or
suffix, such as–ing.
Example: will + ing
Lesson 4
Short and soft sounds of a
The large a, which represents the long sound of a
as in made, also represents the short sound of a as
in man and the soft sound of a as in arm.
Short a words (activity)
man dad matter had
hammer ran hat man
ladder arm harm art
Army heart alarm
Short & soft sound of e
The tiny e circle represent the long sound of e as
in Lee, also represents the short sound of e as in
let and the soft sound of e as in her:
Lesson 4-5
Short and Soft e words
let net her letting
met hurt letter red
hurting heading led
Lesson - 5
Shorthand phrases
Symbols for the sounds of s, f, v
Shorthand blends for fr & fl
Short and soft sounds of o
Differentiating between sound-alike words
sight, site and cite
Lesson 5
Phrases- combining brief forms into a single outline
example:
in + our = in our
Phrases: (activity)
i will are in, are not it will not
will not I am I would I will not
in our it will of our
You write What You Hear
The s symbol represents the soft sound of c as in face
sight – s i t cite – s i t nice – n i s
site – s i t lace – l a s face – f a s
The past tense d has the sound of either d or t.
saved – s a v d faced–f a s t laughed-l a f t
Lesson 5
Sound of s, f, v
The symbols for s, f, v are downward right
curves differentiated by length
Sound of s – The s symbol is a short downward
curve, (sometimes it is called the comma s)
say seen, scene as
see seat, set, sit has
same sign stay
seem sight, site, cite so
Sound of f- the symbol is a medium-size
downward curve
fame feet fast, faced Fay
face laugh fee safe
Lesson 5
Sound of v – The symbol is a long downward
curve
vain save even vase
Dave
saved Navy vote Steven
The fr and fl blend – for writing speed
Fr, Fl words
frame fry flying
Fred flame flown
free fly afraid
You write what you hear
The o symbol represents the long sound of o as in home, also
short o Tom & the soft sound of o as in thought
own- o n Ron – R o n saw – s o hot – h o t
Lesson 5
Short and soft sounds of o
The o symbol represents the short and soft
sounds of o no matter how the word is spelled
in longhand
Short and soft o words
on Tom saw
lot small taught
hot law all