ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
Outline for the session
1.Presentations and Presenting Styles
2.How to Prepare a Presentation
3.How to Deliver a Presentation
4.Creating Effective Visual Aids (PowerPoint)
5.What (not) to do while presenting
“GREAT SPEAKERS
AREN’T BORN, THEY
ARE TRAINED.”
#1 Fear
• Feared More Than Death!
• THE FACTS: Shaky hands, blushing cheeks, memory
loss, nausea, and knocking knees
• NORMAL!
Common Fears of Public Speaking
1. FEAR OF BEING 3. FEAR OF BEING
JUDGED CRITICIZED
2. FEAR OF BEING 4. FEAR OF MAKING
RIDICULED MISTAKES
What is an Oral Presentation?
Oral presentation
• Definition: a short talk on a set topic.
• Purpose: present views on a topic based on
their readings or research.
• Followed by a discussion.
Effective Presentations
• Control Anxiety – Don’t Fight It
• Audience Centered
• Accomplishes Objective
• Fun For Audience
• Fun For You
• Conducted Within Time Frame
Why Give A Presentation?
Three Main Purposes
1. Inform
2. Persuade
3. Educate
Learning Styles
Learn best by seeing
Learn best by hearing
Learn best by doing
TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
Types of Presentations
Informational Motivational Demonstration
Speech Speech Speech
(provide information) (change attitudes) (build new skills)
Purpose: Purpose: Purpose:
Inform the Interest the Teach the
audience about audience in your audience
a specific topic topic and something new
or issue motivate them to
take action
Extemporaneous Speech
A person is asked to speak without preparation
PRESENTATION
STYLES
VISUAL STYLE STEVE JOBS
•Engaging audience by objects and visuals
•Slides are there to complement
PRESENTATION
STYLES
INSTRUCTOR L STYLE AL GORE
•Builds up the presentation in a logical order
•Use of high-impact visuals as evidence to support ideas
•Lots of content
PRESENTATION
STYLES
FREE STYLE SIR KEN ROBINSON
•No slides required
•Strong stories to share and illustrate
•Impromptu style
PRESENTATION
STYLES
COACH STYLE LINDA EDGECOMBE
•Use of role-play
•Energetic and engaging
•Charismatic speakers
PRESENTATION
STYLES
STORYTELLING STYLE JILL BOLTE TAYLOR
•Provide anegdotes to connect to the audience
•Connect stories to learning points of the presentation
1. PREPARATION
1. Preparing a Presentation
Oral presentation must be
1. planned
2. researched
3. written
before it is delivered.
1. Getting started
•PUROSE: Examine the assignment criteria carefully and
make sure you know exactly what to do.
•REASON: Do you have to answer a question, present an
argument, explain or discuss something, be critical?
•HOW: Get an Idea!
•WHEN AND WHERE: room, size, heating, seating
capacity, projector
1. Getting started
1. Determine Purpose
2. Assess Your Audience
• “Success depends on your ability to reach your audience.”
• Size
• Demographics
• Knowledge Level
• Motivation
1. Getting started
• Analyze your audience
(“Success depends on your ability to reach your audience.”)
• Research your topic.
• Brainstorm the ideas, write a rough outline.
• Organize your material and write a draft.
• Summarize your draft into points.
• Express your own conclusions.
• Plan and prepare your visual aids – PP.
• Rehearse your presentation.
2. STRUCTURING THE
PRESENTATION
2. Structuring Your Oral
Presentation
• Oral presentations should have the following structure:
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
2. Opening Your Presentation
• Introduce Yourself – Why Should They Listen
• Get Attention, Build More Rapport, Introduce Topic
• Humor
• Short Story
• Starling Statistic
• Make Audience Think
• Invite Participation “Um”
• Get Audience Response
“Ah”
Introduction
• It is like a road map - tells your audience the direction
your presentation will take.
• Informative?
• What’s the problem
• Who cares
• What’s the solution
State your topic and tell the audience what your
presentation will cover.
‘I’m going to talk about...’
‘Today I’d like to discuss…’
• Outline the main points.
Body
• It is main points, examples and evidence.
• Use useful phrases like
• ‘Another point is...’
• ‘A contrary view to consider is’
• ‘Firstly ...secondly ... finally’
Conclusion
• It is a summary of the main points made in the body of the
talk.
• Restate the main points
• Re-answer the question
• Don’t introduce any new information in the conclusion
• Work out how you will finish your talk (‘In conclusion ...’)
• Something to remember or call-to-action
• Thank the audience and invite questions
“Tell ’em What You Told ‘em.”
3. Giving the Presentation - TIPS
• Starting well
• Delivery
• Discussion
Starting well
•Start Before You Begin
• Mingle; Learn Names
• Opportunity to reinforce or correct audience assessment
• Good First Impression
1.Stand in a balanced position but move!
2.Grab attention! Use your voice. Project!
3.Greet the audience and introduce yourself. Show
manners!
4.Smile! Keep positive!
5.Eye-contact!
6.Body language matters!
7.Keep track of time.
Delivery
1. Don’t read your presentation word-for-word.
2. Use appropriate language - formal but conversational.
3. Don’t be afraid to pause.
4. Prepare ‘prompts’ to help your remember what to say.
Discussion
1. Listen carefully to the question.
2. Don’t be afraid – questions are positive! Use tricks.
3. Be brief with your answer.
4. It’ OK if you don’t know the answer – let somebody
else answer it.
5. Prepare handouts!
3. USING VISUAL AIDS
3. USING Visual Aids
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Leonardo da Vinci
Visual Aids and Supportive Materials
Flip Chart White Board
Handouts DVD/Video Laptop and LCD Projector
3. Visual Aids
• Enhance Understanding
• Add Variety
• Support Claims
• Lasting Impact
Used Poorly…A Distraction…Ineffective Presentation
3. Visual Aids
• Enhance Understanding
• Add Variety
• Support Claims
• Lasting Impact
Used Poorly…A Distraction…Ineffective Presentation
4. POWERPOINT
4. PowerPoint
1. Make an outline.
2. Only place main points.
3. Write in point form, not complete sentences.
4. Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only.
5. Show one point at a time. It will:
• help audience concentrate on what you are saying
• prevent audience from reading ahead
• help you keep you focused
4. BAD SLIDE EXAMPLE
• This page contains too many words for a
presentation slide. It is not written in point form,
making it difficult both for your audience to read
and for you to present each point. Although there
are exactly the same number of points on this
slide as the previous slide, it looks much more
complicated. In short, your audience will spend
too much time trying to read this paragraph
instead of listening to you.
4. BAD SLIDE EXAMPLE
6. Do not use distracting animation.
7. Use a standard font like Times New Roman or
Arial.
8. If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written.
9. CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS
DIFFICULT TO READ WITH ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.
10. Don’t use a complicated font.
11. Using a font colour that does not contrast with the
background colour is hard to read .
12. Using colour for decoration is distracting and annoying.
13. Trying to be creative can also be bad.
Background
• Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read
from
• Always be consistent with the background that you use
4. Graphs – Good Example
Items Sold in First Quarter of 2002
100
90
80
70
60
Blue Balls
50
Red Balls
40
30
20
10
0
January February March April
4. Graphs – Bad Example
100
90
90
80
70
60
Blue Balls
50
Red Balls
40 38.6
34.6
30.6 31.6
30 27.4
20.4 20.4
20
10
0
January February March April
4. Additonal remarks
1. Check your grammar and spelling!
2. Arrive smartly dressed.
3. Be ready for the worst.
4. Enjoy the experience.
What (not) to do
• Show your personality. • Project Your Voice.
• Make the audience • “That’s a Good
laugh. Question.”
• Talk to your audience, • Come Early, Really
not at them. Early.
• Be hones.t • Get Practice.
• Don’t over prepare. • Do Apologize if You’re
• Differentiate yourself. Wrong.
• Teach them smth.
• Have Fun.
