FUNDAMENTALS

OF MATHEMATICS
NUMERICAL REASONING
KEY ANSWERS
1. D.

36.6% = 0.366
= 366/1000
=183/500
2. C. 216

2 1/6 = 2.1666666
= 216 67/100
= 216 3/5
 3. C. 25%

12 500 = Percent x 50 000

12 500/50 000 = P
0.25 = P
P = 25%
4. D. PHP 13 825

= 15 800 – 0.125 (15 800)

= 15 800 – 1 975
= P 13 825
 5. A. 15.625%

(¾)(1/3)(30) = % (4/5)(60)
90/12 = % 240/5
90/12 = % 48
(90/12)(1/48) = %
90/576 = %
0.15625 = %
% = 15.625
6. A. 7

= 16 % (42)
= 16.67% (42)
= 0.1667 (42)
= 7.0014
= 7
 7. B. 25%

=
=
= 0.25
= 25%
8. B.

= 1+2+3 = 6
= )=
= () =
= () =
9. C. 575

= 15% (500)
= 0.15 (500)
= 75
= 500 + 75
= 575 students
 10. C. 20%

= P15 000 – P12 000

=
= 0.20
= 20%
 11. D. P10 833.33

18 mo () = = 1.5 years
P=
=
=
=
= P10 833.33
 12. A. P6 187.50
P=
P4 500 =
P4 500 =
P4 500 =
I = (P4 500)(0.375)
I = P1 687.50
P4 500 + P1 687.50 = P6 187.50
 13. D. P 257.14

Let x = regular price of the item

70% of x = P 180
0.70x = P 180
x=
x = P 257.14
 14. D. P 785

= P 800 – P 15
= P 785
 15. B. 36

(20%)(P 70) = (0.20)(P 70) = P14

P 500 P 14 = 35.71
= 36 tickets
 16. A. P5 250

P50 500 – P10 000 = P40 500

Commission = 12%(P10 000) + 10%(P40
500)
= 0.12(P10 000) +
0.10(P40 500)
= P1 200 + P4 050
= P5 250
17. C. 5

= 0.0533
= 5.3
=%
 18. B. 86.5

5(85) = 425
3(84) = 252
425 – 252 = 173
173
19. A. 30

3+2+1 = 6
(60h) = = 30
(60h) = = 20
(60h) = = 10
20. D. 112 KM

=
5x = 560 km
x = 112 km
 21. B. 400

2 dozens (24)
(P50)(8) = P 400
22. B. 93.75 KPH

50 – 10 = 40
=
40x = 3 750
x = 93.75 kph
 23. C. 6 INCHES
1 ft(12 in) A = lw
= (12)(6)
6 in A = 72 in

(12 + x)4 = 72
48 + 4x = 72
4x = 72 – 48
4x = 24
x = 6 in
24. D. 12
= (x = 14)
= x=
= 6() x = 12
x=
 25. A. ACUTE

An acute angle (“acute meaning small”) is

an angle smaller than a right angle.
The range of an acute angle is between 0
and 90 degrees.
 26. B. SUPPLEMENTARY
Two angles are supplementary when they
add up to 180 degrees. These two angles ()
are supplementary angles, because they add
up to Notice that together they make a
straight angle. But, the angles don’t have to
be together.
27. B.

1+4=5
(
( =
 28. D. OBTUSE

An obtuse angle is more than but less than

In other words, it is between a right angle and
a straight angle.
 29. C. 6CM
Pythagorean Theorem:

12 cm 144 =
x 72 =
=
x
x = 6 cm
 30. A. 20
500m A = lw

400m = (500m)(400m)
A = 200 000

200 000= = 20 hectares

 31. C. 6

Heron’s Formula: s= = = 10
Area = )
7 9 =
=
=
=
4 =6
 32. B. 675 SQUARE FEET

P = 2l + 2w A = lw
120 = 2l + 2(15) = (45)
(15)
120 = 2l + 30 A = 675
ft²
120 – 30 = 2l
90 = 2l
l = 45 ft
 33. D. 36CM

Pythagorean Theorem:
P = 4s
2 = 324 = 4(9)
= 162 P = 36 cm
x=
x=
x = 9 cm
 34. B. 162

s = 9 cm A=

=(
= (81)(2)
A=
 35. A. 9 UNITS

x + 4x + 4x = 81
9x = 81
4x 4x x = 9 units

x
 36. D.

Area of a square =
Area of a circle =
= = 16 = 16
=
r=
 37. A. 4

Area of a circle =
4
=4
r=2
circumference = 2
=2
c=4
 38. B. 25SQUARE UNITS

10 = 2r =
d = 2r A=

r=5 A = 25
 39. D. 100 SQUARE UNITS

A=
=
=
A = 100 square units
 40. B. 10CM

15 cm = 225 – 25
= 200
x =
5 cm x =
x = 10 cm
41. C. 15

=
=
6BC = 90
BC = 15
 42. A. 5

A= A=
=3 75 =
= 3(25) s=
A = 75 s=
s=5
 43. B. PENTAGON

Sum of all interior angles =

=
n=
n=n-
n -n = -
-n = -
n = 5 (Pentagon)
 44. D. 7

s=
=
=n-
+ =n
1 26 = n
n=7
45. D.

s=
= (8 – 2)
= 6()
=
46. A.

=
=
=
=
=
 47. D. 9:16

1 meter stick = 100cm

100 – 36 = 64
=
36: 64 = 9:16
 48. B. 8

2 + 3p + (2 – p) = 4 + 2p
4 + 2p + (2 – p) = 6 + p
6 + p + (2 – p) = 8
49. C. 84

36 + 9 = 45
45 + 11 = 56
56 + 13 = 69
69 + 15 = 84
 50. C. 1
=

1
 51. A. P

A b c d e F g h I j K

l m n o P
52. B.

D=
=
=
=
D=
 53. B. 0

A number is divisible by 8, if the number

formed by the last 3 digits is divisible by 8.
324 000 = 40 500
 54. A. 1
A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by 2 and
divisible by 3.
A number is divisible by2, if it ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
An even is divisible by 2.
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is
divisible by 3.
51 342 = 8 557
 55. D. 3

5
=
=
=3
=3
56. C. 8

=
=
=
=8
57. B.

=
=
=
58. D.

=
=
= ()()
=
=
 59. A. AFTER 24 DAYS

LCM of 4, 6 and 8 is 24
 60. C. 181

LCM of 5, 9 and 12 plus 1

5=5
9 = (3)(3)
12 = (3)(2)(2)
LCM = (5)(3)(3)(2)(2) = 180 + 1 =
181
 61. B. P7 000

Let x = amount of share Z will receive

2x = amount of share Y will receive
2(2x) = amount of share X will receive
x + 2x + 2(2x) = P49 000
7x = P49 000
x = P7 000
 62. B. 57.5 KM

(5)(2)(5) = (5.75)(2)(5)
= 57.5 km
63. D. a= 5.88 cm b= 8.09 cm
64. C. LA =16.26°, LB = 73.74°, a = 7
65. B. 37.6°

= 0.7702
= 37.6°
= 0.7702 = 37.7°
66. A. 15

P= p+7+ p
p- p- p=7
=7
=7
7p = 105
p = 15
 67. A. 756 KG

mass =
mass =
mass = 756 kg
68. B. 45

Let x = present age of the son

3x = present age of the father
3x + 15 = 2(x + 15)
3x = 45 (father’s age)
x = 15 (son’s age)
 69. C. X + 8

x + 8 is one of the sides.

70. B. 2 HOURS

=
= 2 hours
71. D. 1

Similarly, = 1
72. B.

=
=
73. A.

=
 74. A. 4

-=-
=-
=4
75. D. X – 2Y

= = x – 2y
 76. C.

30x= (2)(3)(5)(x)(y)(y)(y)
LCM = (2)(2)(3)(5)(x)(x)(y)(y)(y)
= 60
 77. A. -4

4(x – 1) – 2(x + 1) = 3x – 2
4x – 4 – 2x – 2 = 3x -2
2x – 6 = 3x – 2
-3x + 2x = 6 – 2
-x = 4
x = -4
78. B. -1
= =
=
=
= -1
79. D. (X – 1)(

= (x + 1)((x – 1)(x + 1)
= ((x – 1)(
 80. B. -34

4-9
= 4(2)
= 8
= 8 - 42
= -34
 81. D. -3

4=4
= 4(2) - 3(3) - 2
=8
= -3
82. D. 37
Let x = the smaller number
x + 1= the larger number
x + (x + 1) = 75
2x + 1 = 75
2x = 75 – 1
2x = 74
x = 37
83. B. 3X – 4Y

= -
= 3x – 4y
 84. D. LINE

Linear equation is a first degree equation

and its graph is a line.
85. A. 6

18 = (2)(3)(3)
24 = (2)(3)(2)(2)
30 = (2)(3)(5)
GCD = (2)(3) = 6
86. A. 125

=
V=

= (5 cm)(5 cm)(5 cm)

V = 125 cu cm
87. D.

P= =
 88. C.

Special Product: Difference of two cubes

(xn – yn)(x2n + xnyn + y2n)
= -
=
=
89. B. -5

-
= -5
90. B.

=
=
=
91. A.

=
=
=
92. C. 12

=6
= 6(2)
= 12
93. C. 4.5

=
=
=4
=
= 4.5
94. A.

=
=
=4
=
= 4.5
95. A. 1

=
=
=
=1
96. B. -1

f(-1) =
=
=
= -1
 97. D. 4 + 2X

Translating algebraic expressions into

mathematical expressions.
 98. A. 51
Let x = units digit +8x-10 = 0
y = tens digit (2x–2)(x+5) = 0
y=x+4 2x-2 = 0; 2x=2
x=1
+ x+5 = 0; x = -5
= 26 If x = 1 then y = x + 4
y=1+4
+8x+16-26 = 0 y=5
 99. D. X =11 AND Y = 7
= =
1(x-3)=2(y-3) 3(x+5)=4(y+5) x-2y=-3 x=2y-3
x-3=2y-6 3x+15=4y+20 x=2y-3 =2(7)-3
x-2y=3-6 3x-4y=20-15 3x-4y=5 =14-
3
x-2y=-3 3x-4y=5 3(2y-3)-4y=5 x = 11
6y-9-4y=5
6y-4y=9+5
2y = 14
y=7
 100. A. RIGHT TRIANGLE

Plot the points.

A right triangle or right-angled triangle is
a triangle in which one angle is a right angle.